jack bean

Concanavalin A is a natural product, a phytoalexin (glycan-binding protein). Concanavalin A has antitumor activity and can also induce acute liver injury.

Plantagoside is a specific non-competitive inhibitor for jack bean alpha-mannosidase (IC50: 5 μM). It also is a potent inhibitor of the Maillard reaction.

3,3'-((2-Chlorophenyl)methylene)bis(4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one) is a non-nucleotide inhibitor of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1; Ki = 50 μM).1,2 It also inhibits urease (IC50 = 84.53 μM for the Jack bean enzyme).3 |1. Choudhary, M.I., Fatima, N., Khan, K.M., et al. New biscoumarin derivatives-cytotoxicity and enzyme inhibitory activities. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 14(23), 8066-8072 (2006).|2. Onyedibe, K.I., Wang, M., and Sintim, H.O. ENPP1, an old enzyme with new functions, and small molecule inhibitors - A STING in the tale of ENPP1. Molecules 24(22), E4192 (2019).|3. Khan, K.M., Iqbal, S., Lodhi, M.A., et al. Biscoumarin: New class of urease inhibitors; economical synthesis and activity. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 12(8), 1963-1968 (2004).

CAY10761 is an inhibitor of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1; IC50s = 467 and 429 μM for the human and snake venom enzymes, respectively).1,2 It also inhibits mushroom tyrosinase (Ki = 1.9 μM) and urease from jack bean, P. mirabilis, and B. pasteurii (IC50s = 0.093, <0.125, and 0.089 mM, respectively, at pH 8.2).3,4 |1. Khan, K.M., Fatima, N., Rasheed, M., et al. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione and its analogues: A new class of non-competitive nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases 1 inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 17(22), 7816-7822 (2009).|2. Onyedibe, K.I., Wang, M., and Sintim, H.O. ENPP1, an old enzyme with new functions, and small molecule inhibitors - A STING in the tale of ENPP1. Molecules 24(22), E4192 (2019).|3. Ghani, U., and Ullah, N. New potent inhibitors of tyrosinase: Novel clues to binding of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thiones, 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thiones, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thiones, and substituted hydrazides to the dicopper active site. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 18(11), 4042-4048 (2010).|4. Amtul, Z., Rasheed, M., Choudhary, M.I., et al. Kinetics of novel competitive inhibitors of urease enzymes by a focused library of oxadiazoles/thiadiazoles and triazoles. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 319(3), 1053-1063 (2004).

Urease-IN-2 is a non-competitive inhibitor of urease (IC50: 0.94 μM, Ki: 1.6 μM) that non-competitively inhibits Jack bean urease (JBU).

Urease-IN-10 (Conjugate 4), a competitive inhibitor of urease, exhibits an IC50 of 3.59±0.07 μM and a Ki of 7.45 μM. This compound is a conjugate of Diclofenac and Sulfanilamide. The combination of Diclofenac-sulfanilamide effectively inhibits Jack bean urease (JBU) through competitive inhibition [1].

Antibacterialagent 233 (Compound 7c) demonstrates inhibitory activity against Helicobacter pylori, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 μg/mL. It inhibits jack bean urease with an IC50 of 0.27 μg/mL, alters the permeability of the H. pylori cell membrane, and leads to the leakage of cellular contents. Antibacterialagent 233 shows metabolic stability in both whole blood and artificial gastric fluid. Additionally, it exhibits antitumor activity against U2OS in mice.

Concanavalin A (agarose) consists of Concanavalin A coupled with agarose. This tetrameric metalloprotein lectin, derived from the jack bean Canavalia ensiformis, can bind to molecules containing α-D-mannopyranosyl, α-D-glucopyranosyl, and related spatial residues, facilitating the purification of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and glycolipids. Additionally, Concanavalin A (agarose) is utilized in various applications, such as the purification of enzyme-antibody conjugates, IgM purification, and membrane vesicle isolation.