human milk

2'-FUCOSYLLACTOSE (2'-Fucosyl-D-lactose) is a fucose-containing oligosaccharide.

2-Phenylglycine (DL-α-Phenylglycine) is a metabolite present in breast milk during lactation.

Silibinin (Silybin) is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds, containing a mixture of flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silicristin, silidianin and others. Silibinin itself is a mixture of two diastereomers, silybin A and silybin B, in approximately equimolar ratio. Both in vitro and animal research suggest that silibinin has hepatoprotective (antihepatotoxic) properties that protect liver cells against toxins. Silibinin has also demonstrated in vitro anti-cancer effects against human prostate adenocarcinoma cells, estrogen-dependent and -independent human breast carcinoma cells, human ectocervical carcinoma cells, human colon cancer cells, and both small and nonsmall human lung carcinoma cells.

H-Abu-OH (L-α-amino-n-Butyric acid) , also known as (S)-2-aminobutanoic acid, homoalanine, 2-AABA, ethylglycine, or L-butyrine, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. H-Abu-OH is a non-proteogenic amino acid that can be found in the human kidney, in liver tissues, and in most biofluids or excreta (e.g. feces, breast milk, urine, and blood). Within the cell, H-Abu-OH is primarily located in the cytoplasm. H-Abu-OH is biosynthesized by transaminating oxobutyrate, a metabolite in isoleucine biosynthesis. As a non-proteogenic amino acid, H-Abu-OH can be used by nonribosomal peptide synthases.

Heneicosanoic acid (C21:0) (HEA) is a fatty acid found in human milk fat. HEA is also a part of the phospholipids of the articular cartilage boundary lubricant. HEA is a constituent of red blood cell fatty acids.

3-Fucosyllactose (3-Fucosyl-D-lactose), a predominant fucosylated oligosaccharide in human breast milk, exhibits prebiotic, immunomodulating, neonatal brain development, and antimicrobial functions.

Lactodifucotetraose (Difucosyllactose), a tetrasaccharide extracted from human milk, consists of one D-glucose, one D-galactose, and two L-fucose molecules [1].

Monofucosyllacto-N-hexaose III (MFLNH III) is a neutral human milk oligosaccharide (HMO).

Monofucosyllacto-N-hexaose I (MFLNH I) is a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) [1].

Lacto-N-triose II, a core structural unit of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), possesses nutraceutical potentials and is utilized in the synthesis of complex HMOs [1].

Lacto-N-neodifucohexaose II (Compd 9), a derivative of a principal human milk tetrasaccharide [1], functions as a click chemistry reagent featuring an Azide group, enabling it to participate in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with alkyne-bearing molecules and in strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.

Lacto-N-fucopentaose V (LNFP V), a novel pentasaccharide, is an oligosaccharide identified in human milk and various biofluids [1].

Lacto-N-difucohexaose II (LNDFH II), an oligosaccharide in human milk, plays a crucial role in infant health [1].

Disialyllacto-N-tetraose, a human milk oligosaccharide, has been shown to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal rats [1].

Difucosyllacto-N-neohexaose, an oligosaccharide, is isolatable from human milk [1].

6′-Galactosyllactose, a predominant oligosaccharide in human milk, is instrumental in synthesizing human milk oligosaccharides, including 3′-Galactosyllactose and 4′-Galactosyllactose. This compound has been shown to mitigate inflammation in human T84, NCM-460, and H4 cells as well as in intestinal tissues [1].

Tribromobisphenol A (Tri-BBPA; 2,2',6-Tribromobisphenol A) is a phenolic compound that can be isolated from human breast milk.