heartwood

Prudomestin (3,5,7-Trihydroxy-4',8-dimethoxyflavone) is a natural product isolated from the heartwood of Prunus domestica, with xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity with IC50 of 6 µM.

ß-Thujaplicinol, a hydroxylated thujaplicinone isolated from western red cedar heartwood, has antiviral activity, inhibits hepatitis B virus replication by blocking viral ribonuclease H activity, and can be used in the study of viral infections.

Hematoxylin (Natural Black 1) is a dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.

3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone(5-Deoxykampferol) is a DNA-breaking flavonoid isolated from rosewood heartwood. It inhibits osteoclast differentiation, actin ring formation, and bone resorption in RAW 264.7 cells and bone marrow macrophages induced by NF-κB ligand (RANKL) receptor activators.

Butin, the major bioactive flavonoid isolated from Dalbergia odorifera heartwood, possesses oral activity with notable antioxidant, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory effects. This compound effectively alleviates myocardial infarction, improves cardiac function, and prevents diabetes-induced cardiac oxidative damage in rats.

Caesappanin C, extracted from the heartwood of Indonesian Caesalpinia sappan L., shows strong proliferation stimulating activity against the primary osteoblastic cells in vitro.

Mbamiloside A (compound 4), an isoflavonoid derivative, is a natural product isolated from the stem heartwood of *Lophira alata* [1].

Garcinielliptone HD, isolated from the heartwood of Garcinia subelliptica Merr., exhibits hepatoprotective activity [1].

Dalbergione (Dalbegione) (Compound 5) can be extracted from the knots of Dalbergia Sissoo Linn. It possesses antioxidant properties. Additionally, Dalbergione can be obtained from the methanol extract of the heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera and from the alkane extract of the heartwood of Dalbergia parvifera.

Padmatin (Blumeatin C) is a component of the heartwood of Prunus puddum.

6,4'-Dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone is a biologically active compound isolated from the heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen (Leguminosae) with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. 6,4'-Dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone can be used in studies about the treatment of osteoclastogenic bone diseases such osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal diseases.

Agatharesinol is localized in the ray parenchyma cells in Sugi heartwood, and differences between the chemical structure of the contents of ray and axial parenchyma cells were also suggested.

(+)-Butin, the R enantiomer of butin, is a significant flavonoid extracted from Dalbergia odorifera's heartwood, exhibiting potent antioxidant, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory properties [1].