extrusion

NBDHEX is a potent inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) .

Ophiobolin B is a sesterterpene Helminthosporium oryzae metabolite, inhibits proton extrusion from maize coleoptiles.

P-gp modulator-7 (Compound 9e) is an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). It uniquely occupies the channel entrance of P-gp in a T-shaped conformation, blocking the peristaltic extrusion mechanism of transmembrane domains TM12 and TM9. This action inhibits P-gp from pumping drugs out of cells and reverses multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumor cells. P-gp modulator-7 shows promise for cancer research.

Istaroxime, also known as PST-2744, is a positive inotropic agent that mediates its action through inhibition of sodium/potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+ ATPase). Na+/K+ ATPase inhibition increases intracellular sodium levels, which reverses the driving force of the sodium/calcium exchanger, inhibiting calcium extrusion and possibly facilitating calcium entry. Additionally, Istaroxime increases intracellular calcium by improving the efficacy by which intracellular calcium triggers sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release, and by accelerating the inactivation state of L-type calcium channels, which allow for calcium influx.