biopesticide

Coumaran (2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran), an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor isolated from the leaves of L. camara, can be used as a biopesticide and belongs to the class of 1-benzofurans as the 2,3-dihydro derivative of benzofuran with a role as a metabolite.

Melianodiol is potential used as a biopesticide against Aedes aegypti.

4-Hydroxyhygric acid is a unique non-protein imino acid (a proline analogue) isolated from the leaves of five species of the tropical leguminous tree Copaifera. It serves as a key chemical defense metabolite for the plant. Studies have demonstrated that it functions as a potent inhibitor of larval development in the seed-feeding bruchid beetle Callosobruchus maculatus and exhibits significant feeding deterrence against the leaf-feeding lepidopteran Spodoptera littoralis. By modulating insect growth and behavior, it acts as a natural biopesticide within the tropical forest ecosystem.