a. alternata

Maculosin is a secondary metabolite of fungi and bacteria.

Fungi extract, alternaria alternata, is an allergen obtained from samples of the Alternaria alternata species. It is utilized as an allergen in allergy research.

"Methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate is an esterified derivative of p-coumaric acid isolated from the flowers of Trixis michuacana var. longifolia, exhibiting antibacterial and anti-melanogenesis properties."

Altertoxin I (Dihydroalterperylenol) is a quinone-type mycotoxin produced by the fungi Alternaria alternata. It exhibits mutagenic and cytotoxic properties and can mildly disrupt metabolic communication.

Antifungalagent 125 (compound 4H) is a potent succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.59 μg/mL and exhibits fungicidal activity against Alternaria alternata.

4'-Demethylpodophyllotoxone, an intermediate in the biotransformation pathway of Alternaria alternata S-f6, undergoes further modification with 4-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine-1) (4-TMP). This modification yields a novel compound that exhibits potent inhibitory effects on the human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 [1].

(3ξ,4ξ,5ξ,6ξ,7ξ,11ξ)-3,6-Dihydroxy-8-oxo-9-eremophilene-12-oic acid, a phytotoxin recently identified in Alternaria alternata ssp. tenuissima isolates, is linked to fruit spots on apples.

Tirzepatide acts as an agonist for both the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) and G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119), effectively inducing cAMP production in HEK293 cells that express either human GLP-1R or GPR119, with EC50 values of 6.54 and 1.01 nM, respectively. Additionally, at a concentration of 100 nM, it triggers receptor internalization in these cells. In vivo studies demonstrate that tirzepatide, administered at 10 nmol/kg per day, significantly reduces body weight, food intake, as well as plasma and hepatic triglyceride levels, free fatty acids (FFAs), leptin, and blood glucose in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Furthermore, a dose of 50 nmol/kg every three days prevents an increase in eosinophils and lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inhibits bronchoconstriction prompted by methacholine in mice models of both asthma and diabetes, indicating its potential in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A mixture of (E)-octadecyl p-coumarate and (Z)-octadecyl p-coumarate has antifungal activity , it shows the dose dependent inhibition of the spore germination of Alternaria alternata and A. porri.

Altertoxin III is a mutagenic agent that induces mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, and TA1537. It is isolated from extracts of A. alternata strains that demonstrate mutagenic responses in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium test.