2',3'-cgamp

2',3'-cGAMP sodium (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP sodium) is a second messenger in cellular innate immunity, catalyzed by cGAMP synthase (cGAS) under DNA binding conditions. It binds to STING to form a dimer, inducing the production and expression of interferon-β and other cytokines.

2',3'-cGAMP is an endogenous cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) produced by cGAS (cGAMP synthase) in response to double-stranded DNA in the cytoplasm. It acts as a STING activator and ligand, inducing interferons (IFNs) via the TBK1/IRF3 pathway and pro-inflammatory factors via the NF-κB pathway.

2',3'-cGAMP-C2-PPA (45) is a cyclic di-nucleotide that acts as a STING agonist (US20210015941A1). It is a drug-linker conjugate for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) used in the targeted treatment of cancer.

2',3'-cGAMP-d8 (2'-3'-Cyclic GMP-AMP-d8) ammonium is a deuterium-labeled form of 2',3'-cGAMP (ammonium).

cAIMP acts as a STING agonist and has been shown to more effectively activate STING-dependent IRF and NF-κB signaling pathways in mammalian cells in vitro when compared to standard murine (DMXAA) and human (2',3'-cGAMP) STING agonists. In ex vivo experiments with human blood, cAIMP analogs can induce the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

(S)-2-(1-Ethyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamido)-1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxamide (compound 4) is a STING agonist containing the crucial amide benzimidazole (ABZI) component. It consistently inhibits the binding of 3 H-cGAMP to STING, with an apparent inhibition constant (IC50) of 14 μM. This compound is applicable in tumor research.

STING-IN-8 (Compound 15b) is a potent inhibitor of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), with an IC50 value of 0.121 μM in humans and 0.033 μM in mice. This compound effectively inhibits STING signaling induced by MSA-2 or 2',3'-cGAMP, as well as the levels of immune and inflammatory cytokines in human and mouse cells. STING-IN-8 shows significant potential for research in STING-related inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

93-O17O is a chalcogen-containing cationic lipidoid used in the generation of lipid nanoparticles (LPNs). LPNs containing 93-O17O localize to the spleen after intravenous injection into mice and have been utilized for delivering Cre recombinase, ribonucleoproteins for genome editing, and intratumoral delivery of cGAMP to enhance cross-presentation of tumor antigens. [1,2,3]

cGAMP (Cyclic GMP-AMPP) diammonium serves as an intrinsic second messenger in metazoans, initiating the production of interferons upon cytosolic DNA detection. It activates the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), subsequently triggering a signaling cascade that culminates in the synthesis of type I interferons and various immune mediators [1] [2] [3] [4].