15-hydroxyeicosa-5,11-dien-13-ynoic acid

(5Z,11Z,15R)-15-Hydroxyeicosa-5,11-dien-13-ynoic acid is a stable isomer of 15(S)-HETE , a major arachidonic acid metabolite from the 15-lipoxygenase pathway. (5Z,11Z,15R)-15-Hydroxyeicosa-5,11-dien-13-ynoic acid elicits concentration-dependent contraction of isolated pulmonary arteries from rabbits and inhibits the proliferation and migration of hormone-independent prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells.

Citronellol ((±)-β-Citronellol) is used in insect repellents and perfumes and as a mite attractant.

1. Ginkgetin has anti-influenza virus and anti-fungal activities. 2. Ginkgetin has anti-inflammatory activity, can down-regulates COX-2 induction in vivo against skin inflammatory responses. 3. Ginkgetin is a good STAT3 inhibitor and may be a useful lead

Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, it also exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria. α-Terpineol (Terpineol) shows anticonvulsant, and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits the gene expression of the IL-6 receptor.

Isopulegol has antioxidant, and neuroactive properties. It also has gastroprotective effects induced by isopulegol appear to be mediated, at least in part, by endogenous prostaglandins, K+ATP channel opening and antioxidant proprieties related to GSH incr

3,4-Dimethoxyphenylacetic acid (Homoveratrumic acid) is the papaverine intermediate, used to synthesis cardiovascular drugs.

Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) a fat-soluble, naturally occurring vitamin with antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.

Crizotinib (PF-02341066) is an ATP-competitive small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of c-MET (IC50: 8 nM) and ALK (IC50: 20 nM) receptors.

Methyl vanillate is Hovenia Dulcis Thunb extract and its ingredient methyl vanillate activate Wnt β-catenin pathway and increase bone mass in growing or ovariectomized mice. Methyl vanillate is considered to be a slightly soluble (in water) acidic compound. Methyl vanillate can be synthesized from vanillic acid. Methyl vanillate has been identified in foods such as cow's milk and beer.

Desaminotyrosine (3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid) is a microbially associated metabolite. Desaminotyrosine protects from influenza through augmentation of type I interferon signaling.

Emodin (Frangula emodin) is an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor with a selective IC50 of 186 and 86 nM against 11β-HSD1 in humans and mice, respectively. Emodin has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Emodin can improve metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese mice.

2-Nonanone (Heptyl methyl ketone) is an endogenous metabolite, an antagonist of CYP1A2 (Potency = 35.6 μM), and is used as a flavor in the food industry.

D-(-)-Quinic acid (Kinic acid) is a cellular metal ion chelator, capable of promoting reactions with metal M(II,III) ions under pH-specific conditions. It may possess potent inhibition against alpha-mannosidase and alpha-fucosidase.

L-Glutamic acid is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter and a Glutamic acid receptor agonist, including metabolic glutamic acid receptor (mGluR), AMPA receptor, NMDA receptor and KA receptor. L-Glutamic acid has an excitatory effect on the process of DA release from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid can be used in the research of neurological diseases. L-Glutamic acid acts on ionic and metabolic Glutamic acid receptors.

Citral A monoterpene, obtained from the essential oil of lemongrass, which has anti-pain and anti-inflammatory properties.

Galangin (Norizalpinin) is an agonist/antagonist of the arylhydrocarbon receptor, and also shows inhibition of CYP1A1 activity.

Sinapinic Acid (Synapoic acid) protects the rat liver from CCl4-induced inflammation, most likely by acting as a free radical scavenger and modulator of NF-κB p65 activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Sinapic acid with antioxidant role protects cardiac cells and its functions from I/R induced oxidative stress. Sinapic acid is a potentially useful agent for the protection against liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Sinapic acid prevents the alterations in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins by virtue of its anti-lipidaemic effect in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted rats. Sinapic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia through PLC-PKC signals to enhance the glucose utilization in diabetic rats.

L-Arginine (L-Arg) is a substrate of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). L-Arginine is transported to vascular smooth muscle cells via a family of cationic amino acid transporters and is metabolized to nitric oxide, polyamines, or L-proline. L-Arginine is a potent vasodilator and can be used to induce experimental acute pancreatitis.

L-Pipecolic acid (L-Homoproline) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.

Myrcene is a terpene that has been found in Cannabis and has antioxidative properties.

1. Isoquercetin (3-Glucosylquercetin) is a potential stimulator of bone mineralization used for prophylaxis of osteoporotic disorders. 2. Isoquercetin may be as a potential therapeutic agent against neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. 3. Isoquercetin is an inhibitor of Wnt β-catenin and may be as a potential novel anti-tumoral agent, such as against human pancreati,liver cancer related to opioid receptors and to the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. .

Isoborneol (DL-Isoborneol) is a monoterpene alcohol, with neuroprotective and antiviral activities

2'-Deoxycytidine is one of the major nucleosides of DNA consisting of cytosine and deoxyribose and inhibits the biological effects of bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu). The nucleoside consists only of a pentose sugar attached to a purine or pyrimidine base and has no phosphate group. When N1 is attached to C1 of deoxyribose, deoxyribosides and nucleotides are formed from cytosine and deoxyribose; deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), deoxycytidine diphosphate (dCDP), and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP). cTP is the source of cytosine in RNA (ribonucleic acid) and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) is the source of deoxycytidine in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Itaconic acid is a polymer.

Citronellyl acetate is a natural product