(s)carvedilol

(S)-Carvedilol is a non-selective β α-1 blocker.It exerts protection against the vascular or cardiac toxicity of Doxorubicin (DOX).

(R,S)-Carvedilol glucuronide is a racemic mixture of the carvedilol metabolites (R)-carvedilol glucuronide and (S)-carvedilol glucuronide. (R)-Carvedilol glucuronide is formed via glucuronidation of (R)-carvedilol by the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms UGT1A1 and UGT2B4. (S)-Carvedilol glucuronide is formed via glucuronidation of (S)-carvedilol by UGT2B4 and UGT2B7.

Carvedilol (SKF 105517) Phosphate is the phosphate salt form of carvedilol, a racemic mixture and adrenergic blocking agent with antihypertensive activity and devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The S enantiomer of carvedilol nonselectively binds to and blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, thereby exerting negative inotropic and chronotropic effects, and leading to a reduction in cardiac output. In addition, both enantiomers of carvedilol bind to and block alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, thereby causing vasodilation and reducing peripheral vascular resistance.