Evodiamine (d-Evodiamine) is an alkaloid isolated from the fruit of daylily and has a variety of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-tumor.

1. Cornuside (Comuside) has immunomodulatory activity . 2. Cornuside suppresses expression levels of cytokine-induced proinflammatory and adhesion molecules in the human endothelial cells. 3. Cornuside can treat myocardial I/R and protect the liver from CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity, by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses. 4. Cornuside has anti-inflammatory activity by downregulations of iNOS and COX-2 due to NF-κB inhibition as well as the negative regulation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2 phosphorylations in RAW 264.7 cells. 5. Cornuside has protective potential against cerebral ischemic injury, may be due to the suppression of intracellular Ca(2+) elevation and caspase-3 activity, and improvements in mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant properties.

Verbenalin (Verbenaloside) induces angiogenesis via a programmed PI3K/Akt/eNOS/VEGF signaling axis.

Rutaecarpine (Rhetine) is an inhibitor of COX-2 with IC50 of 0.28 μM.

Benzyl salicylate (NSC 6647), a salicylic acid derivative, is protective against cisplatin-induced apoptosis in LLC-PK1 cells and also inhibits LPS-induced NO production.

Ursolic aldehyde can inhibit phosphatase of regenerating liver-3, with the IC(50) value of 50 +/- 0.3 mu M.

Deoxyflindissone exhibits significant cytotoxic activity against the A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and XF498 cell lines.