propoxur

Propoxur (Propoxure) is an insecticide used to control cockroaches, flies, mosquitoes, and lawn and turf insects. Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to propoxur by ingestion leads to cholinesterase inhibition of red blood cells, with mild cholinergic symptoms including blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, sweating, and tachycardia; however, the effects are transient. Chronic (long-term) inhalation exposure has resulted in depressed cholinesterase levels, headaches, vomiting, and nausea in humans. Chronic ingestion studies in animals have reported depressed cholinesterase levels, depressed body weight, effects to the liver and bladder, and a slight increase in neuropathy. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of propoxur in humans. Mixed results are available from cancer studies of propoxur in animals. EPA has not classified propoxur for carcinogenicity.

Propoxur-d7 is the deuterium-labeled version of Propoxur. Propoxur serves as a reversible, competitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor that can be administered orally and cross the blood-brain barrier. It inhibits AChE activity, causing neurotoxicity, and simultaneously induces intracellular ROS production, activates the ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway, promotes MMP-2 expression, and enhances the migration and invasion capabilities of tumor cells. While Propoxur inhibits AChE, leading to acetylcholine accumulation and neural dysfunction, it also facilitates ROS-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation, promoting nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and upregulation of invasion-related proteins like MMP-2. Additionally, Propoxur is an insecticide in the carbamate class used for controlling turf, forestry, and household pests.

Propoxur (Standard) is the standard substance of Propoxur, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Propoxur (Propoxure) is an insecticide used to control cockroaches, flies, mosquitoes, and lawn and turf insects. Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to propoxur by ingestion leads to cholinesterase inhibition of red blood cells, with mild cholinergic symptoms including blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, sweating, and tachycardia; however, the effects are transient. Chronic (long-term) inhalation exposure has resulted in depressed cholinesterase levels, headaches, vomiting, and nausea in humans. Chronic ingestion studies in animals have reported depressed cholinesterase levels, depressed body weight, effects to the liver and bladder, and a slight increase in neuropathy. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of propoxur in humans. Mixed results are available from cancer studies of propoxur in animals. EPA has not classified propoxur for carcinogenicity.