monophenolase

Hexylresorcinol (4-Hexylresorcinol) is a substituted dihydroxybenzene utilized topically as an antiseptic for minor skin infection treatment.

4-Chlorosalicylic acid (4-Chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-chloro salicylic acid) is antimicrobial compositions comprising a metal salt and a benzoic acid analog.

Licraside is a tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.072 mM for monophenolase and can be used in studies about antibrowning and depigmenting agents.

1. Mulberroside has nephroprotective, hypoglycemic, and antidiabetic effects. 2. Mulberroside A is a glycosylated stilbene of oxyresveratrol; thus, the deglycosylation of Mulberroside A resulted in enhanced inhibition of melanogenesis. 3. Mulberroside A has anti-inflammatory antiapoptotic effects. by decreasing the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 and inhibiting the activation of NALP3, caspase-1, and nuclear factor-κB and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38.

Sulfuretin is a potent anti-oxidant, has protective effect against t-BHP-induced oxidative damage in human liver-derived HepG2 cells is attributable to its ability to scavenge ROS and up-regulate the activity of HO-1 through the Nrf2/ARE and JNK/ERK signa

Benzylacetone (4-Phenyl-2-butanone) is an aromatic compound extracted from incense wood. Benzylacetone has appetite-enhancing and exercise-reducing properties. Benzylacetone has a strong and reversible anti-mushroom tyrosinase effect, with IC50 values of 2.8 mM and 0.6 mM for monophenolase and biphenolase effects, respectively.

Tyrosinase-IN-44 (Compound 3) is a tyrosinase inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.47 μM for monophenolase and 0.53 μM for diphenolase. It exhibits excellent glutathione peroxidase-like catalytic activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity. In banana and apple juice, Tyrosinase-IN-44 shows strong anti-browning activity by directly inhibiting polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and providing antioxidant effects. It is useful for redox regulation and food preservation.

Tyrosinase-IN-31 (compound 2-06) is a central-targeting tyrosinase inhibitor with IC50 values of 70.44 μM for monophenolase and 1.89 μM for diphenolase. This compound not only inhibits tyrosinase and melanogenesis but also can penetrate the blood-brain barrier to access the central nervous system, where it exhibits neuroprotective effects and improvement in Parkinsonian symptoms.

Isosilybin A is a partial PPARγ agonist, it significantly induced ABCA1 protein expression, it inhibited both monophenolase (IC50=1.7-7.6μM) and diphenolase (IC50=12.1-44.9μM) of tyrosinase. Isosilybin A shows anti-angiogenic efficacy, it has anti-prostate cancer (PCA) activity that is mediated via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction.

Cyclomorusin is a natural alkyl flavonoid with antiplatelet activity that inhibits platelet aggregation induced by PAF, arachidonic acid, or collagen.

Neorauflavane shows tyrosinase inhibition, it can inhibit tyrosinase monophenolase activity with an IC50 of 30 nM, it also can efficiently reduce melanin content in B16 melanoma cells with 12.95 uM of IC50.