lignol

Pinoresinol ((+)-Pinoresinol) has antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, and fungicidal activities, it can protect pial microcirculation from I-reperfusion injury, to increase nitric oxide release and to reduce oxidative stress preserving pial blood flow distribution; it may exert pharmacologically interesting effects via modulation of the insulin-like signalling pathway in C.elegans. Pinoresinol causes an upregulation of the CDK inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1) both at mRNA and protein levels, inhibits NF-kappaB and activating protein 1 (AP-1).

Styraxlignolide G is a furan-type lignan compound that can be isolated from the stem bark of Styrax japonicus. It exhibits very weak DPPH radical-scavenging activity, but the aglycone produced by hydrolysis shows antioxidant activity (IC50=186.7 μM) and is involved in oxidative stress regulation. Styraxlignolide G can be utilized in the study of inflammatory diseases.

3-Hydroxymandelic Acid is a metabolite of Phenylephrine. 3-Hydroxymandelic Acid is a metabolite of Phenylephrine, which is an α-receptor agonist.