insects

cis-3-Hexen-1-ol ((Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol) is an aroma compound described as green grassy or the smell of cut grass. It is found in many fresh fruits and vegetables and is widely used as a flavor additive in processed food and perfumes. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol also attracts various insects[1][2].

Chitin is a large, structural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of insects, and certain hard structures in fish and invertebrates.

Crustecdysone (Hydroxyecdysone) is a steroid hormone that regulates the processes of molting or ecdysis in insects.

D-(+)-Melezitose hydrate (melicitose) is a nonreducing trisaccharide sugar that is produced by many plant sap-eating insects, including aphids such as Cinara pilicornis by an enzyme reaction.

Methyl jasmonate ((-)-Methyl jasmonate) is a hormone involved in plant signaling, inducing oxidative stress and accumulation of secondary metabolites in plant cells and organ cultures, and regulating the biosynthesis of other plant hormones. Methyl jasmonate induces plant defense responses against Andean lupin insects. Methyl jasmonate has anti-inflammatory activity.

D-Luciferin (D-(-)-Luciferin) is a luciferase (Luc) substrate that catalyzes the production of typical yellow-green light (560 nm) by bioluminescent insects. D-Luciferin can be used in luciferase assays.

Neolinustatin a naturally occurring cyanoglycoside, is able to gradually produce HCN through enzymatic reactions as part of the plant's defense system against insects and pathogens.

Dehydrolycopene is a major steroidal sugar alkaloid (SGAs), which is mainly found in mature green fruits, leaves and flowers of tomatoes. Dehydrotomato is targeted at bacteria, fungi, insects and animals.

(9Z)-Tricosene is a pheromone released by insects, including D. melanogaster, M. domestica (house fly), and A. mellifera L. (honey bee). In Drosophila, it induces aggregation behavior and is an oviposition guidance cue for females. Due to its aggregation-inducing activity, it is used as a bait pesticide to attract insects to traps. The mechanism of action in Drosophila is the activation of antennal basiconic Or7a receptors. It is also highly produced by honey bees during the waggle dance, which is a complex communication process used to alert nest-mates of the location and profitability of a food source. When injected into a hive, (9Z)-tricosene induced foraging behavior.

Makisterone A is an ecdysteroid that drives molting in insects. It binds the heterodimeric ecdysone receptor with nanomolar affinity.

N-acetyldopamine (NADA) is a catecholamine used by insects as a precursor for sclerotization, a process that strengthens their cuticle.

Tetrahydropiperine (Cosmoperine) is a natural product derived from piperine, can be used to treat convulsion, epilepsy, relieve pain, and control insects.

1. Rhodojaponin III has antifeedant and oviposition deterrence effects against many kinds of insects, BdorCSP2 of B. dorsalis could be involved in chemoreception of Rhodojaponin III and played a critical role. 2. Rhodojaponin III induces a certain linkage

Nanchangmycin (Nanchangmycin A), a polyether antibiotic, is similar to the structure of dianemycin. It is very potent against the broad spectrum of harmful nematodes and insects but not for mammals and plants.

Notrilobolide, an alkaloid with insecticidal properties, is isolated from sweet potatoes and impedes larval development in pests such as Tribolium castaneum. It disrupts the digestion and reproduction of insects by reducing their fecundity [1].

2-O-Acetyl-20-hydroxyecdysone is an ecdysone present in insects and terrestrial plants. 2-O-Acetyl-20-hydroxyecdysone inhibits amyloid-β42-induced cytotoxicity and is able to reduce the formation of Aβ oligomers by promoting fibrillogenesis, which converts Aβ oligomers into less toxic fibers.

Isookanin shows strong diphenyl(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity with the IC50 value of 7.9 ± 0.53 μM. Isookanin is a potent inhibitor of α-amylase (IC50=0.447 mg ml).

1,3-Diacetylvilasinin shows marginal cytotoxicities against certain human tumor cell lines. It also shows antifeeding activity towards insects.

Carminic acid, the well-known red dyestuff from cochineal insects (Dactylopius spp.), is a potent feeding deterrent to ants. Carminic acid is an antioxidant to protect erythrocytes and DNA against radical-induced oxidation, it also has antitumor activity.

Ecdysone is a major steroid hormone in insects and herbs. Ecdysone triggers mineralocorticoid receptor activation and induces cellular apoptosis. Ecdysone signaling through Ecdysone receptor isoform B1 is required cell autonomously for the muscle death.

(Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienyl acetate is a female sex pheromone extracted from the diamondback moth (Plutella aylostella) to attract male insects.

4-Methyl-3-hexanol, a pheromone identifiable in ants, can be isolated from these insects.

Myomodulin is a neuropeptide present in molluscs, insects, and gastropods. Within these organisms, myomodulin A specifically occurs in two identified Aplysia neurons: the ARC motor neuron [B16] and the abdominal neuron [L10].