hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Droxinostat (NS 41080) is a selective HDAC inhibitor, primarily targeting HDACs 6 and 8 with IC50 values of 2.47 μM and 1.46 μM, respectively. It is over 8-fold more selective against HDAC3 and shows no inhibition for HDAC1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, and 10.

Rosiglitazone (BRL49653) is a PPARγ agonist, TRPC5 activator, and TRPM3 inhibitor with oral activity. Rosiglitazone is also a hypoglycemic agent and a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer.

Vacquinol-1 is an MKK4 activator, which rapidly and selectively induces glioma cell death.

Palbociclib (PD 0332991) is a CDK inhibitor that inhibits CDK4 and CDK6 (IC50=11 16 nM) and is orally active. Palbociclib has anti-tumorigenic activity and has investigational potential for use in ER-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer.

Triglycidyl isocyanurate (Teroxirone) is a triazene triepoxide with antineoplastic and antiangiogenic activity. It inhibits growth of human non-small cell lung cancer cells by activating p53. Triglycidyl isocyanurate alkylates and cross-links DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication. It induces cell apoptosis and can be used for cancer research[1][2]. Triglycidyl isocyanurate is also used in various polyester powder coatings in the metal finishing industry.

Palbociclib monohydrochloride (PD 0332991 hydrochloride) is a selective inhibitor of CDK4 6 (IC50s: 11 16 nM). It exhibits no inhibition against a panel of 36 additional protein kinases.

Rosiglitazone hydrochloride (BRL-49653 HCl) is a blood glucose-lowering drugs, stimulating insulin secretion by binding to the PPAR receptors in fat cells.

Silymarin (Silybin B) (Silybin B) is a polyphenolic flavonoid that extracts from the milk thistle or seeds of Silybum marianum. It is used in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.

Rubone (2'-Hydroxy-2,4,4',5,6'-pentamethoxychalcone), a natural product and a modulator of miR-34a (microRNA-34), upregulates miR-34a expression in a p53-dependent manner, which in turn downregulates the expression of downstream targets Bcl-2, cyclin-D1, CDK6, SIRT1, and FOXP1, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and reversal of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chemoresistance in prostate cancer.

Ailanthone (AIL) is a natural compound derived from the tree Ailanthus altissima and has anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) properties. It can induce G0 G1 phase cell cycle arrest by downregulating the expression of cyclins and CDKs, while upregulating the expression of p21 and p27. Additionally, Ailanthone is a potent androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor, capable of inhibiting both the full-length androgen receptor (IC50: 69 nM) and constitutively active splice variants (IC50: 309 nM).

Miriplatin hydrate (SM-11355 (hydrate)) (MPT) is a novel platinum complex used in TACE that shows promise for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Miriplatin hydrate is a lipophilic platinum complex that can be easily suspended in Lipiodol and gradually releases active platinum compounds in tumor tissue.

Miriplatin (SM-11355) (SM-11355) is a platinum complex used in TACE that has promise for the therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

MNK8 (3-methyl-6-(naphthalen-1-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione) is a potent STAT3 inhibitor that reduces the ability of STAT3 to bind to DNA and also has a good growth inhibition effect on liver cancer cells [1].

FAPI-4 FAPI-4 is a fibroblast activating protein (FAP) inhibitor, a FAPI ligand, which shows strong liver uptake in PET imaging of primary liver cancer hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is commonly used in PET imaging for the study of cancer.

PMED-1, a β-catenin inhibitor, effectively suppresses β-catenin activity in hepatoblastoma cells and various HCC (Hepatocellular Carcinoma) cells with IC50 values ranging from 4.87 to 32 μM. It impedes cell proliferation by disrupting the interaction between β-catenin and CREB-binding protein, thus affecting Wnt signaling pathways. PMED-1 is utilized in cancer research studies.

CV-4-26 (Compound 22) acts as a covalent inhibitor of TEAD. By inhibiting YAP TEAD-driven transcription, it diminishes the expression of CTGF and CYR61. Furthermore, CV-4-26 impedes colony formation in Huh7 and HepG2 cells, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (apoptosis). This compound demonstrates anti-tumoral activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatoblastoma (HB).

CRI9 effectively inhibits the c-MET PI3K Akt mTOR axis, suppressing the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. This compound exhibits potent cytotoxicity against HCC cells and induces apoptosis.

SET-171 is a JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor that exhibits significant anticancer activity by suppressing the expression of hepatic pyruvate kinase (PKL) and offers potential in regulating lipid metabolism. In antitumor studies, SET-171 shows notable cytotoxicity against human liver cancer cell lines HepG2 and Huh7, with IC50 values of 8.82 μM and 2.97 μM, respectively. Additionally, in research related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), SET-171 significantly reduces triglyceride (TAG) levels and inhibits the expression of proteins associated with steatosis. This compound holds promise for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and NAFLD research.

API32 is a potent Pin1 inhibitor that interacts with the Pin1 PPIase domain. It effectively suppresses cell proliferation and migration, making it a promising candidate for research in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

ZSNI-21 is a dual inhibitor targeting ADAM17 and HDAC2. It effectively suppresses the proliferation of Bel-7402 cells and exhibits significant anti-metastatic properties against HCC-LM3 cells, making it a promising candidate for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) research.

CIB-L43 is a high affinity and orally available TRBP inhibitor (KD = 4.78 nM), which can effectively inhibit the biosynthesis of oncogenic miR-21, increase the expression of PTEN and Smad7, and block the AKT and TGF-β signaling pathways to inhibit the proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.

Astragalus polysaccharide, a natural product derived from Astragalus propinquus, exhibits anticancer activity and has been shown to be effective in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by inhibiting the M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM).

Paritaprevir free base(ABT-450) is an orally bioavailable, synthetic acylsulfonamide inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease complex comprised of non-structural protein 3 and 4A (NS3 NS4A), with potential activity against HCV genotype 1. Upon administration, paritaprevir reversibly binds to the active center and binding site of the HCV NS3 NS4A protease and prevents NS3 NS4A protease-mediated polyprotein maturation. This disrupts both the processing of viral proteins and the formation of the viral replication complex, which inhibits viral replication in HCV genotype 1-infected host cells. NS3, a serine protease, is essential for the proteolytic cleavage of multiple sites within the HCV polyprotein and plays a key role during HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) replication. NS4A is an activating factor for NS3. HCV is a small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family, and infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Adenosine 5'-methylenediphosphate is an inhibitor of ecto-5'-nucleotidase, also known as CD73, with a Kivalue of 37 nM.1It inhibits cAMP accumulation induced by adenosine 5'-monophosphate , adenosine 5'-diphosphate , or adenosine 5'-triphosphate but not adenosine in VA-13 human fibroblasts when used at a concentration of 100 μM. Adenosine 5'-methylenediphosphate reduces proliferation of U138MG glioma cells, as well as inhibits the invasion and migration of MHCC97H hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in a migration assay.2,3It increases tumor infiltration of CD3+CD8+T cells and reduces tumor growth in a K1735 murine melanoma model when administered at a dose of 400 μg mouse.4 1.Bruns, R.F.Adenosine receptor activation by adenine nucleotides requires conversion of the nucleotides to adenosineNaunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol.315(1)5-13(1980) 2.Braganhol, E., Tamajusuku, A.S.K., Bernardi, A., et al.Ecto-5′-nucleotidase CD73 inhibition by quercetin in the human U138MG glioma cell lineBiochim. Biophys. Acta1770(9)1352-1359(2007) 3.Shali, S., Yu, J., Zhang, X., et al.Ecto 5′ nucleotidase (CD73) is a potential target of hepatocellular carcinomaJ. Cell Physiol.234(7)10248-10259(2018) 4.Forte, G., Sorrentino, R., Montinaro, A., et al.Inhibition of CD73 improves B cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity in a mouse model of melanomaJ. Immunol.189(5)2226-2233(2021)