docosahexaenoic acid methyl ester

Docosahexaenoic Acid methyl ester (all cis-DHA methyl ester) is a methylated docosahexaenoic acid analog that can be inserted into membrane phospholipids without being oxidized or hydrolyzed.

Resolvin D1 is produced physiologically from the sequential oxygenation of docosahexaenoic acid by 15- and 5-lipoxygenase . It reduces human polymorphonuclear leukocyte transendothelial migration, the earliest event in acute inflammation, with an EC50 value of ~30 nM. RvD1 methyl ester is a methyl ester version of the free acid that may act as a lipophilic prodrug form that will alter its distribution and pharmacokinetic properties. The methyl ester moiety is susceptible to cleavage by intracellular esterases, leaving the free acid.

Resolvin D2 (RvD2) is a lipid mediator biosynthesized by the sequential oxygenation of docosahexaenoic acid by 15- and 5-lipoxygenase. It evokes diverse anti-inflammatory effects which may mediate the resolution of inflammation. RvD2 methyl ester is a methyl ester version of the free acid which may act as a lipophilic prodrug form that will alter its distribution and pharmacokinetic properties. The methyl ester moiety is susceptible to cleavage by intracellular esterases, leaving the free acid.

Resolvin D5 is an oxidised lipid mediator derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with anti-inflammatory properties. It inhibits the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and chemokine CCL5 in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells via the ERK-NF-κB signalling pathway.

Heneicosapentaenoic Acid (HPA) is a fatty acid found in small amounts in Bryopsis pennata Lamouroux green algae and fish oils, with a structure similar to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but with an additional carbon at the carboxyl end, resulting in the first double bond being in the Δ6 position. HPA is important for researching the impact of double bond positions in n-3 fatty acids, as it integrates into phospholipids and triacylglycerol in vivo as effectively as EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), while strongly inhibiting the synthesis of arachidonic acid from linoleic acid. Despite being a poor substrate for prostaglandin H (PGH) synthase and 5-lipoxygenase, HPA can rapidly deactivate PGH synthase. HPA methyl ester, in certain formulations, acts as a prodrug to enhance cellular uptake of HPA before being converted into free acid by esterases, and serves as a useful reference standard.

Omega-3 Arachidonic Acid methyl ester, primarily represented by docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and α-linolenic acid, is an essential dietary nutrient crucial for normal growth and development. It is the neutral, fat-soluble form of the rare fatty acid, ω-3 Arachidonic Acid. The ω-3 fatty acids group is associated with reduced inflammation and autoimmune activity, as well as decreased thrombosis and platelet activation.