cardiac stimulating activities

Isoprenaline hydrochloride (NCI-c55630) is a potent beta-adrenergic agonist with the peripheral vasodilator, bronchodilator, and cardiac stimulating properties.

β-Endorphin (β-EP) is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide with diverse biological activities. It is produced via piomelanocortin cleavage in the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and in lymphocytes, then migrates to its sites of action which include plasma, gut, skin, placenta, cerebrospinal fluid, and cardiac tissues. β-EP induces concentration-dependent decreases in electrically stimulated contraction of the mouse vas deferens that can be reversed by the μ-opioid antagonist CTP and δ-opioid antagonist ICI 174,864. In vivo, β-EP (5 μg, i.c.v.) slows gastrointestinal transit in mice. β-EP (0.5 or 5 μg, i.c.v.) stimulates food intake in rats for 4 to 6 hours, however, this effect is not prolonged with continuous infusion. It antagonizes the appetite-suppressive effects of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) for the first three days post administration. β-EP also reduces paralytic demyelination induced by the murine coronavirus MHV-JHM in immunocompetent, but not irradiated or immune-incompetent, mice and rats.

YS-49 (monohydrate) is an isoquinoline compound alkaloid that functions as a PI3K Akt activator, specifically targeting a downstream effect of RhoA, to mitigate the activation of RhoA PTEN in 3-methylcholanthrene-treated cells. It also prevents the angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by promoting the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Additionally, YS-49 exerts a significant positive inotropic effect by stimulating cardiac β-adrenoceptors, showcasing its multifaceted pharmacological activities [1] [2] [3].