calu-3

EIDD-1931 (Beta-d-N4-hydroxycytidine) is a ribonucleoside analog with antiviral activity that inhibits the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV] in Vero 76 cells, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus [MERS-CoV] in Calu-3 2B4 cells, and SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells (IC50s = 0.1, 0.15, and 0.3 μM, respectively).

BMS-265246 is a potent and selective CDK1 2 inhibitor. Its chemical name is (4-[R-(2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine-6-amine), and it functions by targeting CDK1 and CDK2 to potentially disrupt cell cycle progression.

Auranofin (SKF-39162) is an antirheumatic agent, is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, improves arthritis symptoms including painful or tender and swollen joints and morning stiffness.

Camostat, also known as FOY 305, is a serine protease inhibitor. Camostat is used in the treatment of some forms of cancer and is also effective against some viral infections, as well as inhibiting fibrosis in liver or kidney disease or pancreatitis. It is an inhibitor of the enzyme transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Inhibition of TMPRSS2 partially blocked infection by SARS-CoV and Human coronavirus NL63 in HeLa cell cultures. In vitro study showed that camostat significantly reduces the infection of Calu-3 lung cells by SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-62 (Compound R3b) effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells, demonstrating low cytotoxicity with EC50 values of 2.97 μM and 3.82 μM, respectively [1].

SARS-CoV-2-IN-45 (Compound 8p) is an effective inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 that hinders viral replication in Calu-3 cells with an EC50 of 0.5 μM and exhibits negligible cytotoxicity [1].

Mefloquine (Ro 215998), a quinoline antimalarial agent, is an anti-SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor. Mefloquine is also a K+ channel (KvQT1 minK) antagonist with an IC50 of ~1 μM. Mefloquine can be used for malaria, systemic lupus erythematosus, and cancer research.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-65 (compound 2f (81)) is a potent, orally active reversible inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 entry, mainly blocking the RBD:ACE2 interaction and TMPRSS2 activity in the ACE2-dependent pathway in Calu-3 cells [1].

SARS-CoV-2-IN-44, an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, effectively suppresses viral replication with an EC50 value of 0.6μM and exhibits negligible cytotoxicity in Calu-3 cells, rendering it suitable for antiviral research [1].

SARS-CoV-2-IN-63 (Compound R3e) is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 replication, exhibiting low cytotoxicity and effectively suppressing viral replication in Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells, with half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 1.99 μM and 1.92 μM, respectively [1].

9-AMN is an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (SARS-CoV-2 PLpro), effectively reducing its deubiquitinating (DUB) activity and protease activity, with IC50 values of 4.55 µM and 4.15 µM, respectively. Additionally, 9-AMN suppresses the replication of the SARS-CoV variants Delta and Omicron in Calu-3 cells, with IC50 values of 1.04 µM and 2.35 µM, respectively.