Acid phosphatase

Acid phosphatase (ACP) is an enzyme that releases attached phosphate groups from other molecules during digestion, is stored in lysosomes, has an optimal acidic pH, and serves as a medical marker and target for cancer immunotherapy.

Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate (Lithium citrate tribasic tetrahydrate) , the active component of Lithium, is a medicine used in the therapy of psychiatric disease. It has shown the effects of signaling pathways and metabolic in the brain based on the particular disease and clinical condition model. According to the reports, Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate was used as a mood stabilizer when treating bipolar mood disorders (BD) and lower the risk of self-harm in BD patient. In addition,Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate has been the choice drug in the therapy of acute manic episodes.Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate also could dissolve uric acid crystals in urine achieved from patients with gout. Besides,Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate have some dose-dependent side-effects. The the main side-effects of Lithium Citrate is the tendency to inhibit the prostatic acid phosphatase enzyme (PAP), which result in the accumulation of PAP.

L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (Vitamin C phosphate) is a stable and long-lasting vitamin C derivative that stimulates collagen formation and has potential antioxidant capacity. L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate is commonly used to promote osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs) in cell culture by increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and runt-related transcription factor-2-DNA(runx2A) expression.

L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium (Sodium ascorbyl phosphate) is utilized in biocatalytic dephosphorylation for electric power generation and electrochemical detection assays.

1. Stearic acid (Cetylacetic acid) can reduce metastatic tumor burden. 2. Stearic acid leads to dramatically reduced visceral fat likely by causing the apoptosis of preadipocytes. 3. Stearic acid and its derivatives have been used as gelators in food and pharmaceutical gel formulations. 4. Stearic acid is a potent phosphatase 1B inhibitor, possibly causing an enhancement in the insulin receptor signaling to stimulate glucose uptake into adipocytes. 5. Stearic acid has the potential to increase dry matter intake and yields of milk and milk components, without affecting conversion of feed to milk, body condition score, or body weight.

Trimyristin (Tritetradecanoin) is primarily located in the membrane (predicted from logP) and adiposome. glyceryl trimyristate exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, glyceryl trimyristate is involved in the metabolic disorder called de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis glyceryl trimyristate pathway.

Tartaric acid disodium dihydrate (Disodium L-(＋)-Tartrate Dihydrate) is commonly used as a buffer in molecular biology and cell culture.Tartaric acid disodium dihydrate is an acid phosphatase inhibitor that increases the probability of colchicine binding to tubulin1.

3-Epicorosolic acid has a potent inhibitory effect on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) induction, it has potential anti-inflammatory activities as well as cancer chemopreventive activity.3-Epicorosolic acid shows both potent α-glucosidase and pro

Enocyanin, an anthocyanin extracted from grapes, exhibits inhibitory effects on leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and esterase activity.

Masticadienonic acid is a compound derived from Chios mastic gum, with potential anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. It alleviates colitis in mice by modulating inflammatory responses, gut barrier integrity, and the microbiome. Masticadienonic acid is a potential protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor and can be used for research on diabetes.

Okadaic acid is a potent polyether marine toxin that accumulates in the digestive glands of marine mollusks.Okadaic acid is a highly potent and selective protein phosphatase (PP) inhibitor, inhibiting PP1, PP2A, PP3, PP4, and PP5.Okadaic acid activates Wnt β-catenin signaling in human HepaRG cells. catenin signaling in human HepaRG cells.

Thielavin A is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from T. terricola that is related to thielavin B . Thielavin A inhibits COX, blocking both the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2 and the conversion of PGH2 to PGE2 . Thielavin A also inhibits glucose-6-phosphatase in rat liver microsomes (IC50 = 4.6 μM). It is a non-competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase from S. cerevisiae (IC50 = 23.8 μM; Ki = 27.8 μM).

Neomangiferin (Mangiferin 7-glucoside) has beneficial effects on high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. Neomangiferin and mangiferin inhibit tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, a biochemical marker of osteoclast function and bone resorption.

Aquastatin A is a fungal metabolite originally isolated fromF. aquaeductuumthat has diverse biological activities.1It is active againstS. aureus(MIC = 32 μg/ml) and inhibits enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (Fabl; IC50= 3.2 μM) andS. aureusfatty acid synthesis (IC50= 3.5 μM).2Aquastatin A also inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase and H+/K+-ATPase (IC50s = 7.1 and 6.2 μM, respectively), as well as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B; IC50= 0.19 μM).1,3 1.Hamano, K., Kinoshita-Okami, M., Minagawa, K., et al.Aquastatin A, an inhibitor of mammalian adenosine triphosphatases from Fusarium aquaeductuum. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, structure determination and biological propertiesJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)46(11)1648-1657(1993) 2.Kwon, Y.-J., Fang, Y., Xu, G.-H., et al.Aquastatin A, a new inhibitor of enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase from Sporothrix sp. FN611Biol. Pharm. Bull.32(12)2061-2064(2009) 3.Seo, C., Soh, J.H., Oh, H., et al.Isolation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory metabolite from the marine-derived fungus Cosmospora sp. SF-5060Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.19(21)6095-6097(2009)

1. Ginkgolic acid C17:1 can significantly inhibit enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7(EHEC) biofilm formation on the surfaces of polystyrene and glass, and on nylon membranes.

Cis-Ferulic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 7), a phenolic glycoside derived from Nitraria sibirica, demonstrates antioxidant properties and a potent inhibitory effect on Phosphatase PTP1B [1].

(24E)-3,4-Seco-cucurbita-4,24-diene-3,26,29-trioic acid can inhibit the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), with IC 50 values of 0.4uM.

Beta-Peltoboykinolic acid has in vitro protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory, it inhibits PTP1B with IC50 values of 5.2+ -0.5 microM. It also has cytotoxic activity.

Illudalic acid, a potent and selective Leukocyte antigen-related (LAR) phosphatase inhibitor, has an IC 50 value of 1.30 µM. It inhibits LAR phosphatase by covalently binding to the catalytic cysteine residue [1] [2].