5,6-epoxy-13-cis retinoic acid

5,6-epoxy-13-cis Retinoic Acid is a metabolite of 13-cis retinoic acid.

Citronellol ((±)-β-Citronellol) is used in insect repellents and perfumes and as a mite attractant.

Marimastat (BB2516) (BB-2516) is a potent, broad spectrum matrix metalloprotease (MMP) inhibitor. MMP-9 (IC50=3 nM), MMP-1 (IC50=5 nM), MMP-2 (IC50=6 nM), MMP-14 (IC50=9 nM)and MMP-7 (IC50=13 nM).

TG 100572 Hydrochloride is a inhibitor of multi-targeted kinase which inhibits receptor tyrosine kinases and Src kinases(IC50s of 2, 7, 2, 16, 13, 5, 0.5, 6, 0.1, 0.4, 1, 0.2 nM for VEGFR1, VEGFR2, FGFR1, FGFR2, PDGFRβ, Fgr, Fyn, Hck, Lck, Lyn, Src, Yes, respectively).

Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, it also exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria. α-Terpineol (Terpineol) shows anticonvulsant, and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits the gene expression of the IL-6 receptor.

Isopulegol has antioxidant, and neuroactive properties. It also has gastroprotective effects induced by isopulegol appear to be mediated, at least in part, by endogenous prostaglandins, K+ATP channel opening and antioxidant proprieties related to GSH incr

18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (Enoxolone) is the major bioactive component of Glycyrrhizae Radix and possesses anti-ulcerative, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties.

Adenine is a purine-derived nucleobase and one of the four bases of DNA. It is an important chemical component of both DNA and RNA, involved in cellular respiration, the formation of ATP and coenzymes NAD and FAD, as well as protein synthesis. Adenine is commonly used to induce chronic kidney injury models.

Cytisinicline (Sophorine), an alkaloid, is found naturally in several plants.

Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid), a natural compound extracted from Willow bark, is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor of activity cyclooxygenase.

Tannic acid (Gallotannic acid) is a novel hERG channel blocker.

Benzoic acid (Dracylic acid) is a fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.

Adenosine (D-Adenosine) is a natural product, a ribonucleoside consisting of adenine bound to ribose. Adenosine has vasodilatory, antiarrhythmic and analgesic effects.

Nicotinamide, a vitamin B3 derivative, is an inhibitor of SIRT1 (IC50=50-180 μM) and SIRT2 (IC50=2 μM). Nicotinamide can be used as a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or NAD+, which can be supplemented by dietary intake and can prevent or treat melanoglossia and pellagra.

Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) a fat-soluble, naturally occurring vitamin with antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.

3-Amino-2-piperidinone is a metabolite from all living organisms and can be used as a cyclic ornithine analogue.

Cyanoacetamide has inhibitory activity against the myeloid leukaemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 and is widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

Vanillyl Alcohol (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) possesses anti-angiogenic, anticonvulsive, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-nociceptive activities. Vanillyl alcohol can effectively inhibit the cytotoxicity and improved cell viability in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced MN9D dopaminergic cells, it also can attenuate the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, decrease in the Bax Bcl-2 ratio and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase proteolysis.

Crustecdysone (Hydroxyecdysone) is a steroid hormone that regulates the processes of molting or ecdysis in insects.

D-(-)-Quinic acid (Kinic acid) is a cellular metal ion chelator, capable of promoting reactions with metal M(II,III) ions under pH-specific conditions. It may possess potent inhibition against alpha-mannosidase and alpha-fucosidase.

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (4-hydroxybenzoate) is a monohydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid. It is a white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water and chloroform but more soluble in polar organic solvents such as alcohols. It could inhibit most gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, with an IC50 of 160 μg/mL.

Gastrodin (Gastrodine), an anti-inflammatory polyphenol, is extracted from Chinese natural herbal Gastrodia elata Blume. and benefits neurodegenerative diseases.

L-Glutamic acid is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter and a Glutamic acid receptor agonist, including metabolic glutamic acid receptor (mGluR), AMPA receptor, NMDA receptor and KA receptor. L-Glutamic acid has an excitatory effect on the process of DA release from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid can be used in the research of neurological diseases. L-Glutamic acid acts on ionic and metabolic Glutamic acid receptors.

L-Lysine (Aminutrin) is one of nine essential amino acids in humans required for growth and tissue repair, Lysine is supplied by many foods, especially red meats, fish, and dairy products. Lysine seems to be active against herpes simplex viruses and present in many forms of diet supplements. The mechanism underlying this effect is based on the viral need for amino acid arginine; lysine competes with arginine for absorption and entry into cells. Lysine inhibits HSV growth by knocking out arginine.