2-decenoic acid

2-Decenoic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid and an intermediate metabolite in fatty acid synthesis, widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

(E)-2-Decenoic acid (trans-2-Decenoic acid) is an unsaturated fatty acid found in royal jelly produced from the hypopharyngeal and mandibular gland secretions of honeybees.

(Z)-2-decenoic acid (cis-dec-2-enoic acid) is an unsaturated short-chain fatty acid secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It can induce a dispersion response in biofilms formed by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and can also inhibit biofilm development.

(E/Z)-10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid is a mixture of isomers of (E)-10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (Royal Jelly acid). (E/Z)-10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid is an unsaturated medium-chain fatty acid that exhibits antibacterial activity against bacteria such as S. aureus (MIC = 23 μM) and inhibitory activity against L-02 and IMR-90 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 44 μM and 22.68 μM, respectively.

Royal Jelly Acid (Queen Bee Acid) is a major fatty acid found in royal jelly that promotes neuronal growth and protection and reduces anxiety. Royal Jelly Acid induces reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis in A549 cells, improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by activating the AMPK-α signaling pathway, and reduces bone loss by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway downstream of FFAR4. Royal Jelly Acid also exhibits inhibitory effects against various bacteria and fungi, including Aspergillus niger, mold, and Staphylococcus aureus. By targeting aspartyl β-hydroxylase and inhibiting chondrocyte senescence, Royal Jelly Acid exerts a preventive and therapeutic effect against osteoarthritis.

HPO-DAEE (4-Hydroperoxy-2-decenoic acid ethyl ester) performs multiple roles in cellular processes, primarily enhancing nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and activating the antioxidant response element (ARE). It upregulates antioxidant genes such as HO-1 through Nrf2-ARE signaling and initiates the generation of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, HPO-DAEE inhibits histone deacetylase, promoting the expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase via histone acetylation. It offers protection against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cell death by activating the Nrf2-ARE and eIF2α-ATF4 pathways [1].

Royal Jelly acid (Standard) is the standard substance of Royal Jelly acid, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Royal Jelly acid (Queen Bee Acid) is an inhibitor of VEGF-induced angiogenesis, cell migration and proliferation.

10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid (NSC 15139) has antibacterial, anti - cancer and anti - radiation activity.