1,3,5(10)-estratriene-3,17beta-diol 17-acetate

Rutin (Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), a flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties.

Citronellol ((±)-β-Citronellol) is used in insect repellents and perfumes and as a mite attractant.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a natural hormone-like substance involved in various physiological functions, including the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles, dilation and constriction of blood vessels, regulation of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation. It can be used to induce neuropathic pain models.

Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, it also exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria. α-Terpineol (Terpineol) shows anticonvulsant, and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits the gene expression of the IL-6 receptor.

Isopulegol has antioxidant, and neuroactive properties. It also has gastroprotective effects induced by isopulegol appear to be mediated, at least in part, by endogenous prostaglandins, K+ATP channel opening and antioxidant proprieties related to GSH incr

18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (Enoxolone) is the major bioactive component of Glycyrrhizae Radix and possesses anti-ulcerative, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties.

Adenine is a purine-derived nucleobase and one of the four bases of DNA. It is an important chemical component of both DNA and RNA, involved in cellular respiration, the formation of ATP and coenzymes NAD and FAD, as well as protein synthesis. Adenine is commonly used to induce chronic kidney injury models.

L-Tryptophan (Tryptophane), an essential amino acid, is necessary for normal growth in infants and for nitrogen balance in adults. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid) and of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It can be a precursor to NIACIN, although inefficiently in mammals.

Creatinine (NSC-13123) is the breakdown product of creatine, a constituent of muscle tissue, that is excreted by the kidney and whose serum level is used to evaluate kidney function.

Protocatechuic acid (3, 4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid) (3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural phenolic compound found in many edible and medicinal plants. Recent studies indicate that it could be used as a protective agent against cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. The mechanism of its action is mostly associated with antioxidant activity, including inhibition of generation as well as scavenging of free radicals and up-regulating enzymes which participate in their neutralization.

Naringin (Naringoside), a flavanone glycoside, exerts various of pharmacological effects such as blood lipid lowering, antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, and inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Catechin (Cianidanol) is a flavan-3-ol, a type of natural phenol and antioxidant.

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is a natural product, an endogenous human metabolite, and a micronutrient. Riboflavin is essential for the formation of two major coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. Riboflavin is involved in energy metabolism, cellular respiration, and antibody production, as well as normal growth and development.

Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) a fat-soluble, naturally occurring vitamin with antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.

Genistein (NPI 031L) is a naturally occurring soy isoflavone, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Genistein has antitumor, antioxidant, and anthelmintic properties, and also produces estrogen-like effects in the body.

Caryophyllene oxide is isolated from Aegle marmelos, with anti-inflammatory activity.

(-)-Epicatechin gallate ((-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate) is one of the catechin isomers and a potent antioxidant that can modulate a wide range of membrane proteins. Its bilayer-modifying potency was tested using gramicidin A (gA) channels as probes. All the catechins alter gA channel function and modify bilayer properties, with a 500-fold range in potency. The gallate group causes current block, as evident by brief downward current transitions.

Chlorogenic acid is a natural phenol found in honeysuckle. Chlorogenic acid has a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective.

Naringenin (NSC-11855) is a flavanone that is considered to have a bioactive effect on human health as antioxidant, free radical scavenger, antiinflammatory, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, immunity system modulater. This substance has also been shown to repair DNA.

Crustecdysone (Hydroxyecdysone) is a steroid hormone that regulates the processes of molting or ecdysis in insects.

Phlorizin (Phloridzin) is a non-selective SGLT inhibitor found in apple, for hSGLT1( Ki=300 nM) and hSGLT2( Ki=39 nM) .

2-Nonanone (Heptyl methyl ketone) is an endogenous metabolite, an antagonist of CYP1A2 (Potency = 35.6 μM), and is used as a flavor in the food industry.

D-(-)-Quinic acid (Kinic acid) is a cellular metal ion chelator, capable of promoting reactions with metal M(II,III) ions under pH-specific conditions. It may possess potent inhibition against alpha-mannosidase and alpha-fucosidase.

L-Glutamic acid is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter and a Glutamic acid receptor agonist, including metabolic glutamic acid receptor (mGluR), AMPA receptor, NMDA receptor and KA receptor. L-Glutamic acid has an excitatory effect on the process of DA release from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid can be used in the research of neurological diseases. L-Glutamic acid acts on ionic and metabolic Glutamic acid receptors.