β amyloid (1 16)

β-Amyloid (1-16) is an amyloidogenic protein fragment derived from the β-amyloid sequence, known for its ability to bind metal ions, indicating its role in metal-binding processes. β-Amyloid, a peptide, is responsible for forming amyloid plaques in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

β-Amyloid (1-16) rat is a fragment of the amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide's metal-binding domain, containing three amino acid substitutions compared to its human counterpart, which confer reduced susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease-like neurodegeneration in rats and mice [1].

Donecopride is a partial agonist of the serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtype 5-HT4E(Ki= 8.5 nM) and an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE; IC50= 16 nM).1It is selective for AChE over butyrylcholinesterase (BChE; IC50= 3,530 nM) but does bind to 5-HT2Band sigma-2 (σ2) receptors (Ki= 1.6 nM for both) in a panel of 42 neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. Donecopride induces release of soluble amyloid precursor protein-α (sAPP-α) in COS-7 cells transiently expressing 5-HT4with an EC50value of 11.3 nM. Oral administration of donecopride (1 mg/kg) reduces brain soluble and insoluble amyloid-β (1-42) levels and increases the time spent exploring the novel object in the novel object recognition (NOR) test in the 5XFAD transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Donecopride (3 mg/kg, p.o.) prevents a reduction in spontaneous alternation behavior induced by intracerebroventricular administration of soluble Aβ42 (sAβ42) in the Y-maze in mice.2 1.Lecoutey, C., Hedou, D., Freret, T., et al.Design of donecopride, a dual serotonin subtype 4 receptor agonist/acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with potential interest for Alzheimer's disease treatmentProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA111(36)E3825-E3830(2014) 2.Rochais, C., Lecoutey, C., Hamidouche, K., et al.Donecopride, a Swiss army knife with potential against Alzheimer's diseaseBr. J. Pharmacol.177(9)1988-2005(2020)

AChE/BChE-IN-9 (Compound 7a) is a potent, orally active inhibitor of AChE and BChE, with IC50 values of 5.74 μM and 14.05 μM against hAChE and eqBChE, respectively. It also demonstrates effective antioxidant activity (IC50 = 57.35 μM), chelates iron, and modulates amyloid β 1-42 aggregation. Notably, AChE-IN-16 can cross the blood-brain barrier [1].

β-Amyloid peptide(16-20), with the amino acid sequence (KLVFF) derived from Amyloid-β (Abeta), functions as an efficient inhibitor of Abeta fibril formation. This compound is modified with RG-/-GR-NH2 residues at both its N- and C-terminal ends to enhance solubility [1].

β-Amyloid (1-16) acetate (131580-10-4 Free base) is a fragment derived from β-Amyloid amyloid protein, where its N-terminal amino group participates in metal ion coordination (e.g., copper and zinc), making it useful for Alzheimer's disease research.