taste

Ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride (Optochin hydrochloride) is a derivative of quinine with antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and antimalarial activity with an IC50 of 25.75 nM against Plasmodium falciparum. It is also an agonist of Gallus gallus2 receptors (ggTas2r1, ggTas2r2, and ggTas2r7).

Dutasteride (GI 198745) is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor that inhibits both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia.

5β-Dutasteride (5β, S-configuration of Dutasteride) is a potent inhibitor of both 5 alpha-reductase isozymes.

Dihydro Dutasteride, a metabolite of Dutasteride, effectively inhibits five α-reductase isozymes.

24-Epicastasterone (24-epi-Castasterone), a naturally occurring brassinosteroid, can be isolated from Hydrodictyon reticulatum [1].

Org 13011 has CNS activity and induces conditioned taste aversion by mediating 5-HT 1A receptors.

Aspartame (SC-18862), an artificial, non-carbohydrate sweetener, is aspartyl-phenylalanine-1-methyl ester.

Succinic acid (1, 2-ethanedicarboxylic acid) is a product of anaerobic metabolism and an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Perillartine (DL-Perillartine) is a sweetener. Perillartine activates the taste receptor type 1 member 2 (Tas1r2) subunit in a species-dependent manner.

Lactisole (na-PMP) is an inhibitor of the glucose-sensing receptor

Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid), found naturally in coconuts and breast milk, is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and minimal solubility in water. It is commercially utilized in the production of esters for perfumery and in dye manufacturing.

δ-Decalactone is found in nonfat dry milks and fruits and with a sweet taste.

(S)-Malic acid ((S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid) is a tart-tasting organic dicarboxylic acid found in many sour foods, such as apples, and contributes to the sourness of green apples and tartness of wine, although its concentration decreases with fruit ripeness (wikipedia). In its ionized form, it is called malate, an intermediate in the TCA cycle alongside fumarate, and can be formed from pyruvate through anaplerotic reactions. In humans, malic acid is derived from food sources and synthesized in the body via the citric acid cycle in mitochondria, playing a crucial role in energy production under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate, providing reducing equivalents via the malate-aspartate redox shuttle, while during anaerobic conditions, its simultaneous reduction to succinate and oxidation to oxaloacetate removes excess reducing equivalents, reversing hypoxia's inhibition of glycolysis and energy production. Studies on rats have shown that tissue malate depletes following exhaustive physical activity, suggesting that malic acid deficiency may cause physical exhaustion. Administering malic acid to rats has been shown to elevate mitochondrial malate, increasing mitochondrial respiration and energy production.

N-Phenylthiourea (Phenylthiocarbamide) is a phenyl ring-containing organothiourea that acts as an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor, a diphenolase inhibitor, and a non-competitive inhibitor of the PvdP tyrosinase of Pseudomonas, which inhibits melanogenesis, and is able to be used in genetic taste testing.

3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (3-Trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde) has a strong sweet taste and is used as a flavoring agent, in the production of perfumes and cosmetics, and as an intermediate in the synthesis of various compounds.

3-Feruloyl-4-caffeoylquinic acid is a chlorogenic acid isomer. Chlorogenic acids are relevant coffee quality markers, taste, and aroma precursors as well as important bioactive compounds.

P2X3 antagonist 34, a potent, selective, and orally active antagonist, targets the P2X3 homotrimeric receptor, exhibiting IC50s of 25 nM, 92 nM, and 126 nM for human, rat, and guinea pig P2X3 receptors respectively. It shows reduced activity against P2X2 3 heterotrimeric receptors across human, rat, and guinea pig models. Notably, this compound demonstrates a significant anti-tussive effect without altering taste[1].

Penthrichloral exhibits sedative and hypnotic effects similar to chloral hydrate, but with a more pleasant taste and reduced gastric irritation. Additionally, Penthrichloral is also employed as an adhesive for polyester fibers.

L-Gulose is an unnatural monosaccharide. L-Gulose is the putative furanose form of L-sorbosone that exists as a syrup with a sweet taste. It is an L-hexose sugar and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of L-Ascorbate (vitamin C).

RO5166017 is an orally active, potent and selective trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonist for the study of conditioned taste aversion frontal nerve disorders.

Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Val) is a metabolite of the sponge bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. NJ6-3-1, capable of autoinducing the production of antibacterial substances active against S. aureus at low cell density. It induces neurite outgrowth and branching of chick cortical neurons in vitro at concentrations of 16 and 32 μM, increases phosphorylation of the PI3K substrate Akt, and this induction can be blocked by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Additionally, it enhances axon sprouting of calcitonin gene-related protein positive (CGRP+) primary afferents in the spinal cord post-crush injury and of serotonin neurons in the uninjured spinal cord. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Val) is also a bitter taste component of cocoa and roasted coffee.

Adenosine 5'-succinate is a compound closely related to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) that demonstrates strong inhibitory properties against taste receptor activation of transducin caused by Denatonium benzoate.

Mogroside VI A is a saccharide compound, an isomer of Mogroside VI, that has been extracted from the Luo Han Guo plant. It possesses inherent sweetness properties. Mogroside VI A holds potential for application in sweetener and taste modifier studies.

Dulcitol is a sugar alcohol and slightly sweet tastant for human taste cells.