seizure

(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine is a potent and selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist that can induce seizure models and Fos expression in mice. Its EC50 values for GluN1 GluN2D and GluN1 GluN2A are 99 nM and 1.7 μM, respectively.

Kainic acid is a potent excitotoxic agent and an agonist of ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes in the central nervous system, capable of inducing seizure animal models.

Bicuculline is an alkaloid extracted from Corydalis decumbens, acting as a competitive antagonist of the neurotransmitter GABAA receptor (IC50 = 2 μM). It also blocks Ca2+-activated potassium (SK) channels and inhibits slow afterhyperpolarization (slow AHP). Bicuculline has anticonvulsant effects and is commonly used to establish mouse seizure models.