metabolite,liver

Glyco-Obeticholic acid is an active metabolite of Obeticholic acid. Obeticholic acid is an agonist of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR).

Tauro-Obeticholic acid is an active Obeticholic acid metabolite. Obeticholic acid is an orally bioavailable agonist of farnesoid-X receptor (FXR).

Nicotinamide N-oxide (Nicotinamide 1-oxide) is recognized as an in vivo metabolite of nicotinamide which is a precurser of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in animals. The enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of nicotinamide N-oxide to nicotinamide in the liver is xanthine oxidase.

Urea (Carbonyldiamide) is formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end metabolite of protein catabolism and accounts for about one-half of the total urinary solids.

(S)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid (L-(+)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a normal human metabolite that has been found elevated in geriatric patients remitting from depression. (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is synthesized in the liver from acetyl-CoA in humans, and can be used as an energy source by the brain when blood glucose is low.

Ramipril (Altace) is a long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.

5-Amino-3H-imidazole-4-Carboxamide (AICA) is an imidazole derivative and a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. It serves as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides, and when compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.

2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)ethan-1-ol (3-(2-Hydroxyethyl)indole) is a metabolite formed in the liver after disulfiram treatment that induces sleep in humans. It is also a secondary product of alcoholic fermentation.

Butanoic acid is an endogenous human metabolite, an endogenous histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. The IC50 of HDAC3, HDAC4 and HDAC1 were 2.4 mM, 4.5 mM and 5.3 mM, respectively. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid has the effects of energy metabolism, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, and improvement of insulin resistance.

H-Abu-OH (L-α-amino-n-Butyric acid) , also known as (S)-2-aminobutanoic acid, homoalanine, 2-AABA, ethylglycine, or L-butyrine, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. H-Abu-OH is a non-proteogenic amino acid that can be found in the human kidney, in liver tissues, and in most biofluids or excreta (e.g. feces, breast milk, urine, and blood). Within the cell, H-Abu-OH is primarily located in the cytoplasm. H-Abu-OH is biosynthesized by transaminating oxobutyrate, a metabolite in isoleucine biosynthesis. As a non-proteogenic amino acid, H-Abu-OH can be used by nonribosomal peptide synthases.

2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, a secondary metabolite derived from salicylic acid, undergoes hydrolyzation by liver enzymes as part of phase I metabolism.

4-Hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (4-hydroxyproline) is a non-protein amino acid and endogenous metabolite present in collagen that modulates collagen elasticity and can be used as a diagnostic marker for bone conversion and liver fibrosis.

Estrone-3-Glucuronide sodium is a coupled metabolite of estrone, which is formed in the liver by UDP-glucuronyltransferase through glucuronide coupling.

Larsucosterol is a cholesterol metabolite from the nuclei of normal human liver tissues, epigenetically regulates the transcription of proteins and enzymes involved in lipid synthesis, inflammation, and apoptosis.

Molsidomine (Corvaton) is an orally active, long-acting vasodilating drug. It metabolizes in the liver to the active metabolite linsidomine, that releases nitric oxide (NO) upon decay as the actual vasodilating compound.

Clomipramine hydrochloride (Anafranil) is a tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.

Acetohexamide (Acetohexamid) is an intermediate-acting, first-generation sulfonylurea with hypoglycemic activity. It inhibits sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) linked to the inwardly rectifying potassium channel (KIR6.2) with Ki values of 22.9 and 14.2 μM in HEK293 cells transfected with the human receptor and in rat brain, respectively. Acetohexamide is metabolized in the liver to its active metabolite hydroxyhexamide.

Cholesterol glucuronide is an endogenous lipid metabolite generated by UDP-gluconyltransferase in the liver.

Hydroxy desmethyl Bosentan (Ro 64-105) is a metabolite of Bosentan formed by the liver cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C9 and CYP3A4.

O-Desmethyl Midostaurin is the active Midostaurin metabolite via cytochrome P450 liver enzyme metabolism.

Hydroxy bosentan (Ro 48-5033) is a primary metabolite of Bosentan (BOS) metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system in the liver, assisting BOS pharmacologically with 10%-20% activity retention.

Ampyrone, a metabolite of AMINOPYRINE, exhibits analgesic and anti-inflammatory characteristics. It functions as a reagent in biochemical reactions that generate peroxides or phenols. Additionally, Ampyrone activates LIVER MICROSOMES and assists in the measurement of extracellular water.

beta-Nicotyrine is a tobacco alkaloids Metabolite in the liver.

CP-611,781 is a diol metabolite of the compound ezlopitant alkene (CJ-12,458). It shows an apparent KM value of 5.4 μM in human liver microsomes.