cold

Potassium guaiacolsulfonate hemihydrate (Potassium guaiacolsulfonate) is an aromatic sulfonic acid used in medicine as an expectorant.

PF-05105679 is a selective TRPM8 antagonist (IC50 = 103 nM). PF-05105679 can be used in research on cold-related pain.

Coldephnine is a aconitine-type norditerpenoid alkaloid used as a nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor antagonist.

Brompheniramine maleate (Dimotane) is an antagonist against histamine H1 receptors.

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH) is a histamine H1 antagonist used as an antitussive and antiemetic. It is also used for pruritus and dermatoses, for hypersensitivity reactions, as an antiparkinson, a hypnotic, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations.

Carbetapentane citrate (Pentoxyverine citrate) , an antitussive (cough suppressant), is frequently used for a cough related to illnesses like the common cold.

Mepyramine maleate (Pyrilamine maleate) is a histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.

Diphenhydramine (Syntedril), a first-generation antihistamine possessing antiemetic, antitussive, anticholinergic, and sedative properties, is mainly used in the treatment of allergies. Diphenhydramine is also used in the management of drug-induced parkinsonism and other extrapyramidal symptoms.

N-Oleoyl valine is an endogenous N-acyl amine that acts as an antagonist at the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 3 (TRPV3) receptor, which is involved in thermoregulation. N-Oleoyl valine is increased in mice following cold exposure for up to at least 16 days. Acute lung injury in mice increases the concentration of N-Oleoyl valine in lung tissue. N-acyl amines also promote mitochondrial uncoupling.

ASP8477 is a potent and selective FAAH inhibitor. It increases anandamide levels in the brain when administered orally. In rat models of neuropathic and osteoarthritic pain, ASP8477 demonstrates significant efficacy without causing motor coordination issues. A single oral dose of ASP8477 improves thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia in rats with chronic constriction nerve injury. Moreover, ASP8477 restores the decreased muscle pressure threshold in a myalgia model induced by reserpine. Research indicates that ASP8477 possesses analgesic effects effective for alleviating neuropathic and functional pain, making its pharmacological properties suitable for chronic pain treatment.

NecroX-2 is a cell-permeable necrosis inhibitor with antioxidant properties. NecroX-2 selectively suppresses necrotic cell death triggered by oxidative stress. NecroX-2 does not confer protection against apoptosis induced by staurosporine or etoposide but shows protective effects under conditions such as cold shock, hypoxia, and oxidative stress in vitro.

7-Hydroxy-DPAT hydrobromide is a selective D3 dopamine receptor agonist that blocks dopamine reuptake and inhibits sympathetic activation of BAT induced by cold exposure or direct activation of NMDA receptors, used in neurodegenerative disease research.

Cizolirtine is a calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonist. Cizolirtine may be useful for alleviating some neuropathic somatosensory disorders, in particular cold allodynia, with a reduced risk of undesirable side effects. Cizolirtine inhibits the spinal

LK-614 is a membrane-permeable iron chelator that reduces cold-induced damage and can be used in the study of cardiovascular disease.

Mycobactin S is made from metabolic products of the acid-resistant form of Mycobacterium phlei, a tuberculosis bacillus derived originally from the cold-blooded sea turtle. Importantly, it is not based on cell wall fragments or killed bacteria.

Hederacoside C (Hederasaponin C) is expectorant for Cold and cough relief, Bronchitis.

PF-06445974 has good selectivity for PDE4D, excellent brain permeability, and has a high level of specific binding in the cold tracer study.

Phenindamine Tartrate is an antihistamine and anticholinergic drug closely related to cyproheptadine. It is used to treat symptoms of the common cold and allergies, such as sneezing, itching, rashes, and hives.

(±)12(13)-DiHOME is the diol form of (±)12(13)-EpOME , a cytochrome P450-derived epoxide of linoleic acid also known as isoleukotoxin. [1] It is formed from 12(13)-EpOME by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in neutrophils. [2] 12(13)-DiHOME is toxic to Sf21 cells expressing sEH and to lacZ-expressing control cells, unlike isoleukotoxin, which is only toxic to cells containing sEH.[1] [2] Levels of 12(13)-DiHOME are increased in rat spinal cord following burn injury, and it enhances cold tolerance, increases fatty acid uptake into brown adipocytes, and decreases serum triglyceride levels in mice. Levels are also elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in humans following exposure to biodiesel exhaust and in exhaled breath condensate in patients with allergic asthma following allergen exposure.[5] [6] Plasma levels of 12(13)-DiHOME are increased immediately following moderate-intensity exercise in mice and humans, an effect that can be prevented by brown adipose tissue removal in the mouse.[7]

CAY10787 is an oxysterol and a negative allosteric modulator of GABAAreceptors.1,2It reduces GABA-induced currents in HEK cells expressing α1β1γ2or α4β3γ2subunit-containing GABAAreceptors (IC50s = 1.5 and 1 μM, respectively).2CAY10787 (500 nM) reduces GABA-induced depolarization of peptidergic and non-peptidergic nociceptors, C-LTMRs, and cold thermosensors in isolated mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.In vivo, CAY10787 (2, 10, and 50 mg/kg) increases latency to nocifensive behaviors in the hot plate test in mice. 1.Hahn, M., Tang, M., and Subbiah, M.T.Cholest-3,5-dien-7-one formation in peroxidized human plasma as an indicator of lipoprotein cholesterol peroxidation potentialBiochim. Biophys. Acta1255(3)341-343(1995) 2.Niu, C., Leavitt, L.S., Lin, Z., et al.Neuroactive type-A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor allosteric modulator steroids from the hypobranchial gland of marine mollusk, Conus geographusJ. Med. Chem.64(10)7033-7043(2021)

PE(18:1(9Z) 0:0) is a naturally-occurring lysophospholipid and an analog of plasmalogen lysophosphatidylethanolamine. PE(18:1(9Z) 0:0) induces transient increases in intracellular calcium in PC12 rat neuronal cells in a concentration-dependent manner. PE(18:1(9Z) 0:0) increases the production of IL-4 and IL-2, but not IFN-γ. In mouse serum, PE(18:1(9Z) 0:0) (1 μg animal) induces the T helper 2 response. PE(18:1(9Z) 0:0) levels increase in interscapular brown adipose tissue in mice following three-day cold exposure.

Galanin (2-11) amide is a synthetic peptide fragment of the neuropeptide galanin and an agonist of the galanin-2 (GAL2) receptor (EC50= 9.32 nM in a fluorescence imaging plate reader assay).1It selectively binds to the GAL2receptor (IC50= 1.76 nM for the rat receptor) over the GAL1receptor (IC50= 879 nM for the human receptor) but does also bind to the GAL3receptor (Ki= 271 nM for the rat receptor).1,2Intracerebroventricular administration of galanin (2-11) amide (1 nmol/animal) decreases immobility in the forced swim test in rats.3It also reduces the hind paw mechanical pain threshold and increases the hind paw cold sensitivity threshold in rats.1

Thonzylamine (neohetramine) is an antihistamine and anticholinergic drug. It is available as combination products with Clofedanol or Phenylephrine for temporary relief of symptoms of common cold, hay fever (allergic rhinitis) or other upper respiratory allergies.

Ligustrazine Hydrochloride, is a natural substance discovered in the plant Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. It inhibits platelet aggregation, improves atherosclerosis situation, protects endothelium injury, and has antithrombotic effects.in vivo,ligustrazine hydrochloride at 10 and 20 mg kg produced significant analgesic effects against mechanical stimuli,and ligustrazine hydrochloride at 80 mg kg, also significantly alleviated cold hypersensitivity manifested by reduction in cold vocalization temperature.