caco-2 cells

ML167 (CID44968231) is a highly selective Cdc2-like kinase 4 (Clk4) inhibitor.

Pevonedistat (MLN4924) is a potent and selective NEDD8 activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor (IC50=4.7 nM) with therapeutic potential for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and antitumor activity.

Valproic Acid (2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor that inhibits HDAC1 activity, induces HDAC2 degradation, and is orally active. Valproic Acid can be used in epilepsy and bipolar disorder research.

Acarbose (BAY g 5421) is an inhibitor of α-Glucosidases with antihyperglycemic activity.

Vildagliptin (LAF237) is a cyanopyrrolidine-based, orally bioavailable inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity. Vildagliptin's cyano moiety undergoes hydrolysis and this inactive metabolite is excreted mainly via the urine.

Dapagliflozin (BMS-512148) is a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter subtype 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with antihyperglycemic activity.

Hesperetin belongs to the flavanone class of flavonoids. Hesperetin, in the form of its glycoside hesperidin, is the predominant flavonoid in lemons and oranges.

Chlorogenic acid is a natural phenol found in honeysuckle. Chlorogenic acid has a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective.

Palmitic acid (Cetylic acid) is a natural product, a common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Palmitic acid has antitumor activity.

Tyrphostin 8(4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile) is a potent GTPase inhibitor that inhibits EGFR kinase with an IC50 of 560 μM.Tyrphostin 8 inhibits protein serine threonine calmodulin phosphatases (IC50=21 μM), enhances transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis in Caco-2 cells, and increases the hypoglycemic effect of oral insulin-transferrin. hypoglycemic effect.

Levofloxacin ((-)-Ofloxacin) is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibiotic that inhibits the superhelical activity of bacterial DNA rotamase and prevents DNA replication. Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used for the treatment of a wide range of bacterial infections.

Urolithin A is a natural product, a metabolite of ellagic acid, which inhibits DNA synthesis and induces apoptosis and autophagy. Urolithin A exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.

Remdesivir (GS-5734) is a nucleoside analog, a broad-spectrum antiviral compound that exerts its activity by inhibiting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of viruses. Remdesivir is active against Ebola, SARS, and MERS viruses, and is potentially therapeutic against COVID-19.

Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) is a bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.

Digitonin is a natural product of the glycoside family and is a detergent. Digitonin has antitumor activity, binds to cholesterol molecules to increase the permeability of cell membranes, and is active in the cleavage of cell membranes in a wide range of cells.

MK-571 sodium (L-660711 sodium salt) is a selective, orally active antagonist of the CysLT1 receptor. MK-571 sodium is a multidrug resistance protein-2 (ABCC2, Mrp2) inhibitor used to demonstrate the role of Mrp2 in the cellular efflux of drugs, xenobiotics, and their conjugates. MK-571 sodium can inhibit the synthesis of K-4′-O-GlcA (19.7 μM). MK571 dose-dependently inhibits the intracellular biosynthesis of all flavonol sulphates and glucuronides by Caco-2 cells. MK-571 sodium significantly inhibits phase-2 conjugation of kaempferol by cell-free extracts of Caco-2, and production of kaempferol-4′-O-glucuronide was competitively inhibited. In addition to inhibiting MRP2, MK571 is a potent inhibitor of enterocyte phase-2 conjugation.

FIN56, a specific inducer of ferroptosis, is identified by its IUPAC name [1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthracen-9(10H)-one].

1. Oleandrin (Folinerin), the principal cardiac glycoside component of PBI-524, can quantitatively account for regulation of BDNF at both the protein and transcriptional levels. 2. Oleandrin are known to inhibit the Na, K-ATPase pump, resulting in a consequent increase in calcium influx in heart muscle. 3. Oleandrin has stronger anti-proliferative activity in undifferentiated CaCO-2 cells (IC50, 8.25 nM) , causes an autophagic cell death and altered ERK phosphorylation in undifferentiated.

Mitoxantrone (mitozantrone) is an anthracenedione antibiotic with antineoplastic activity. Mitoxantrone intercalates into and crosslinks DNA, thereby disrupting DNA and RNA replication. This agent also binds to topoisomerase II, resulting in DNA strand breaks and inhibition of DNA repair. Mitoxantrone is less cardiotoxic compared to doxorubicin.

1. Oroxylin A (Baicalein 6-methyl ether) has various anti-tumor effects including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, drug-resistant reversion. 2. Oroxylin A possesses abilities of inhibiting the ATRA-induced IL-6 production via modulation of LAP LIP CHOP in leukemia cell lines, which could providing a therapeutic strategy for RAS. 3. Oroxylin A inhibits UCP2s triggers the MPTP opening, and promotes the apoptosis in CaCo-2 cells; uncoupling protein 2 plays a key role in mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. 4. Oroxylin A inhibits N1ICD translocating to the nucleus and binding to epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related transcription factor Snail, thus suppressing the invasion and migration of MCF-7 cells. 5. Oroxylin A improves the sensitivity of K562 ADM cells by increasing apoptosis in leukemic cells and decreasing the expression of CXCR4 and PI3K Akt NF-κB pathway, and probably served as a most promising agent for CML treatment.

Tamarixetin (4'-O-Methyl Quercetin) is a natural flavonoid derivative of quercetin that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, offering protection against cardiac hypertrophy.

D-Ala-Lys-AMCA hydrochloride, a known substrate of proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), emits blue fluorescence and may be transported into Caco-2 cells and liver cancer cells.

Antibacterialagent 256 (Compound C09) is an inhibitor of Type I signal peptidase (SPase I). It targets Gram-positive bacteria, effectively inhibiting S. aureus ATCC 29213, E. faecium QF31, E. faecalis SF23-1, and S. suis P1 7, with MIC values ranging from 1-16 μg mL. In cancer cells HEp-2 and Caco-2, Antibacterialagent 256 exhibits cytotoxicity with CC50 values of 14.65 μg mL and 21.93 μg mL, respectively. Additionally, it shows hemolytic activity on mouse red blood cells with an HC50 of 13.29 μg mL and can improve MRSA skin infections in mouse models.

VEGFR-2-IN-64 (Compound 28) is an inhibitor of VEGFR2 with an IC50 of 27.8 nM. It suppresses the proliferation of cancer cells A549, T-47D, and Caco-2, exhibits anti-migration and anti-colony formation activities in T-47D cells, and induces apoptosis in T-47D cells.