oligomer

Anle138b: a novel oligomer modulator for disease-modifying therapy of neurodegenerative diseases such as prion and Parkinson's disease

7-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (7BIO) is a caspase independent nonapoptotic cell death inducer. 7BIO is an inhibitor of FLT3, DYRK1A, DYRK2, Aurora B and Aurora C kinases.

Oligomer-lipid 7C1 is an ionizable lipid produced through the reaction of low-molecular-weight polyamines with lipids. It effectively binds siRNA to form nanoparticles. In non-human primates, Oligomer-lipid 7C1 induces RNA interference in endothelial cells of multiple organs. Additionally, it delivers siRNA to endothelial cells, promoting improved endothelial function in models of murine vascular permeability, emphysema, primary tumor growth, and metastasis.

hAChE-IN-1 (Compound 24) is a potent inhibitor of human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE), with an inhibition concentration half-maximum (IC50) of 1.09 μM, and inhibits tau-oligomerization with an effective concentration half-maximum (EC50) of 2.71 μM as determined by a cellular tau fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay [1].

IRE1α kinase-IN-1 is a highly selective IRE1α (ERN1) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 77 nM, displaying 100-fold selectivity over the IRE1β isoform. It inhibits ER stress-induced IRE1α oligomerization and autophosphorylation, as well as IRE1α RNase activity (IC50=80 nM).

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is an oligomer of β-(1→4)-linked D-glucosamine that activates AMPK while inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways, including NF-κB and MAPK.

1. Raspberry ketone (p-Hydroxybenzyl acetone) is cytotoxic to melanocytes through the binding of RK-derived quinones to thiol proteins and the pro-oxidant activity of the RK-oligomer, the exposure of human skin to RK can cause chemical/occupational leukoderma. 2. Raspberry ketone is marketed on the Internet as a food supplement.

PQM130 is a neuroprotective compound ,and is a potential anti-AD drug.

ALZ-801 is an orally available, valine-conjugated prodrug of tramiprosate. ALZ-801 is an advanced and markedly improved candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. ALZ-801 is a potent and orally available small-molecule β-amyloid (Aβ) anti-oligomer and aggregation inhibitor, a valine-conjugated prodrug of Tramiprosate with substantially improved PK properties and gastrointestinal tolerability compared with the parent compound.

Antitumor agent-196 (Compound 6a (β, β, β)) is an artemisinin-based oligomer with anticancer properties, exhibiting an IC50 of 90 nM against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. This compound induces apoptosis by modulating the Bax-caspase 3 signaling pathway and triggers ferroptosis by regulating key signaling molecules (including GPX4). Antitumor agent-196 shows potential for cancer research applications.

α-Synucleininhibitor 11 (compound 1) is a selective inhibitor of α-synuclein (α-syn) oligomer formation. It does not inhibit tau 4R (isoforms 0N4R, 2N4R) or p-tau (isoform 1N4R). α-Synucleininhibitor 11 can be utilized for Parkinson's disease (PD) research.

Decamethyltetrasiloxane, a non-cyclic silicone oligomer, is used in the methylation of mercury(II) salts. It is transformed by a specific microflora. In the natural environment, it is degraded by mechanisms similar to other organic compounds.

GT-02216 is capable of binding allosterically to GCase, thereby enhancing its function. In primary human fibroblasts, it increases GCase activity and decreases Tau accumulation in mutant GBA1 fibroblasts. Additionally, GT-02216 offers protection to hippocampal primary neurons exposed to Tau oligomer in a rat model.

ISD (interferon stimulatory DNA) sodium is a 45 bp double-stranded non-CpG oligomer derived from the genome of Listeria monocytogenes. Upon transfection into cells, ISD sodium significantly boosts the expression of IFN-β. This ISD-induced response is mediated by the STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway.

SEN-1269 is an amyloid-β (AB) aggregation inhibitor that acts by blocking Aβ(1-42) aggregation and protecting neuronal cell lines exposed to Aβ(1-42), reducing Aβ oligomer-induced LTP and memory deficits in vivo.

RS-0406 is a new type of β-flakes blocker, which can reverse amyloid β-induced cytotoxicity and long-term enhanced damage in vitro, and inhibit amyloid-oligomer-induced behavior deterioration in vivo.

D-Trimannuronic acid is an alginate oligomer that originates from seaweed. It can induce TNF-α secretion by mouse macrophage cell lines, making it valuable in pain and vascular dementia research [1][2][3].

Chitotetraose tetrahydrochloride is a short-chain chitin oligomer derived from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. This compound effectively activates the conserved symbiosis signaling pathway (CSSP) in actinorhizal plant species.

BMS-984923 is an orally available and blood-brain barrier permeable mGluR5 silencing allosteric modulator that inhibits β-amyloid oligomer-induced aberrant synaptic signaling, and can be used to study Alzheimer's disease.

Casimersen (SRP-4045) is an antisense oligonucleotide of the phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer class that binds to exon 45 of dystrophin pre-mRNA, restores the open-reading frame through exon 45 skipping. Casimersen enables the production of an internally truncated yet functional dystrophin protein, thereby serving as a specialized molecular tool for studying exon-skipping mechanisms and therapeutic development in Duchenne muscular dystrophy research.

Golodirsen (SRP-4053) is an antisense oligonucleotide of the phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) class that restores the dystrophin gene reading frame in Duchenne muscular dystrophy by modulating pre-mRNA splicing to induce skipping of exon 53, thereby enabling partial dystrophin expression and restoring anti-myostatin protein levels, which supports its application as a molecular tool for studying exon-skipping strategies and disease-modifying approaches in DMD research.

D-Tetramannuronic acid, an alginate oligomer derived from marine brown algae and certain Gram-negative bacteria, is a valuable compound for pain and vascular dementia research [4].

D-Pentamannuronic acid is an alginate oligomer, synthesized by marine brown algae and a select group of Gram-negative bacteria. This chemical compound is valuable for research related to pain and vascular dementia[4].

D-Hexamannuronic acid, an alginate oligomer, is derived from marine brown algae and a restricted group of Gram-negative bacteria. This compound serves as a valuable tool for investigating pain and vascular dementia [4].