lysosome

HEPES is a zwitterionic sulfonic acid buffering agent, commonly used to uphold a neutral pH of basal medium within cell cultures.HEPES is a potent inducer of lysosome biogenesis.

Perphenazine (Trilafon) is a phenothiazine derivative and a dopamine antagonist with antiemetic and antipsychotic properties.

Autophagy-lysosome Activator-1 (Compound F1) is an autophagy-lysosome stimulator that effectively induces the degradation of PD-L1 or VISTA in tumor cells.

MHY1485 is an mTOR activator that is cell-permeable. MHY1485 inhibits autophagosome and lysosome fusion, leading to accumulation of LC3II proteins and increased autophagosomes, thereby inhibiting cellular autophagy.

H1k is an eudistomin Y fluorescent derivative and lysosome-targeted antiproliferative agent that dose-dependently increases autophagy signalling and down-regulates the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1) and cyclin B1.

An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.

Fosfomycin calcium (Phosphomycin calcium salt) is a blood-brain barrier penetrating, broad-spectrum antibiotic by irreversibly inhibiting an early stage in cell wall synthesis.

HEPES Sodium salt is a nonvolatile zwitterionic chemical buffering agent. HEPES Sodium salt is broadly applied in cell culture. HEPES Sodium salt is effective at pH 6.8 to 8.2. HEPES Sodium salt also induces of lysosome biogenesis.

Fosfomycin sodium is a bactericidal, low-molecular weight, broad-spectrum antibiotic, with putative activity against several bacteria, including multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, by irreversibly inhibiting an early stage in cell wall synthesis.

LASV inhibitor 3.3 is an inhibitor of Lassa fever virus (LASV) targeting lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), a host factor that binds to the LASV glycoprotein (GP) during infection.

ML266, a glucocerebrosidase (GCase) chaperone with an IC50 of 2.5 µM, facilitates the transport of the mutant protein to the lysosome, thereby restoring GCase activity without inhibiting the enzyme's function. This compound shows promise for Gaucher disease research.

WX8 (Ro 91-4714) is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of PIKFYVE, displaying Kd values of 0.9 nM for PIKFYVE and 340 nM for PIP4K2C. This compound inhibits lysosomal fission without affecting homotypic lysosome fusion. WX8 (Ro 91-4714) is applicable in research on autophagy-dependent cancers.

ZX703 is a protein hydrolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) that mediates the degradation of GPX4 through the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways, with a DC50 of 0.315 µM. It induces the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby promoting ferroptosis in cancer cells.

CA-5f is a potent late-stage macroautophagy autophagy inhibitor that works by inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion.

1. Liensinine, a kind of isoquinoline alkaloid, can antagonize the ventricular arrhythmias.

IFB-088 acetate, a benzyl guanidine derivative, is used to treat diseases and cancers associated with the PPP1R15A pathway and associated with protein misfolding stress, Examples include tau disease, synaptic riboprotein disease, polyglutamine and polyalanine diseases, leukodystrophy, cystic fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, lysosome storage disorders, amyloidosis diseases, inflammation, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, neurological trauma, and more.

Tri-GalNAc-COOH acetylation represents the acetylated derivative of tri-galactosamine (tri-GalNAc-COOH), utilized in the synthesis of lysosome targeting chimeras (LYTAC).

MS9427 TFA is a potent PROTAC-based EGFR degrader, exhibiting dissociation constants (Kd) of 7.1 nM for wild-type EGFR and 4.3 nM for the L858R EGFR mutation. It preferentially degrades the mutant EGFR, sparing the wild-type form, utilizing both the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy lysosome pathways. Its efficacy extends to the significant inhibition of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell proliferation, indicating its potential utility in anticancer research [1].

Tri-GalNAc-NHS ester, a LYsosome TArgeting Chimera (LYTAC) and ligand for the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), facilitates the degradation of extracellular proteins, including membrane proteins, via the lysosomal targeting receptor expressed on liver cells. This compound is utilized as a protein degrader in LYTAC research [1].

Lys05, or Lys01 trihydrochloride, is a potent, water soluble lysosomal autophagy inhibitor. Lys05 is a previously undescribed dimeric chloroquine which more potently accumulates in the lysosome and blocks autophagy compared with HCQ. Lys05 produced more p

LC3B recruiter 2 (34R) is an LC3B recruiting agent incorporated into the autophagy-lysosome pathway degradation system (ATTEC, Autophagy-Tethering Compounds), with a direct binding affinity for LC3B. It connects via a linker to the CDK9 inhibitor SNS-032, creating an ATTEC capable of targeting and degrading the CDK9 and Cyclin T1 complex, while also inhibiting them. Consequently, LC3B recruiter 2 exerts its function through an LC3B-dependent autophagy-lysosome pathway, interfering with the cancer cell cycle progression, thereby demonstrating antitumor activity.

Quinacrine is a compound with multiple actions that is commonly used as an anti-protozoal agent. It has also been shown to be a highly potent autophagy inhibitor, although the dose required to achieve this effect is considerably cytotoxic (LD50 = 2.5 μM). Quinacrine analog 34 is a derivative of quinacrine that was designed with an improved cell viability profile (LD50 = 27 μM) to inhibit autophagy. At a minimum concentration of 0.5 μM, this compound has been shown to increase the protein levels of the autophagy biomarker LC3-II and to induce lysosome deacidification.

PD-L1degrader-2 (Compound B3) is an orally effective AUTAC degrader that degrades PD-L1 via the autophagy-lysosome pathway with a DC50 of 0.5 μM. It inhibits the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1, with an IC50 of 22.8 nM. PD-L1degrader-2 upregulates the expression of Atg9b, Lamp1, and Mitf, activating the autophagy-lysosome system. It exhibits antitumor activity in the CT26 mouse model.

MK6-83 is the transient receptor potential channel ML3 agonist.