dna polymerase γ

Apricitabine (SPD754) is a highly selective and orally active HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor (Ki=0.08 μM), the (-) enantiomer of 2′-deoxy-3′-oxy-4′-thiocytidine (dOTC) . Apricitabine inhibits DNA polymerase α, β and γ with Ki values of 300 μM, 12 μM and 112.25 μM, respectively. Apricitabine has shown good antiretroviral therapeutic efficacy in antiretroviral HIV-infected patients, with good tolerability and low selective resistance.

ART558 is a potent, selective, low molecular weight, allosteric DNA polymerase activity of Polθ inhibitor (IC50=7.9 nM). ART558 can be used for the research of cancer.

DNA polymerase-IN-1, a DNA polymerase inhibitor, exhibited antiproliferative activity against tumor cells with a half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 20.7 μM. DNA polymerase-IN-1 inhibited Taq DNA polymerase with an IC50 of less than 250 μM. DNA polymerase-IN-1 was shown to inhibit Taq DNA polymerase by RT- DNA polymerase-IN-1 showed antiretroviral activity in vitro by RT-PCR assay and can be used to study oxidative damage and colorectal cancer.

Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2 (Calciferol)) is a derivative of ergosterol formed by ultraviolet rays breaking of the C9-C10 bond with a strong inhibitory effect against bladder tumor promotion by sodium saccharin, and it induces cell differentiation in leukemia cells. Vitamin D2 is an inhibitor of DNA Polymerase.

Valacyclovir hydrochloride (Valaciclovir hydrochloride) is an acyclovir prodrug that, upon metabolism, inhibits viral DNA replication.

Cytarabine hydrochloride (Ara-C hydrochloride) is a nucleoside analog that causes S phase cell cycle arrest and inhibits DNA polymerase. Cytarabine inhibits DNA synthesis with an IC 50 of 16 nM. Cytarabine hydrochloride has antiviral effects against HSV.

Vidarabine (Adenine Arabinoside) is a nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus. It has some antineoplastic properties and has broad spectrum activity against DNA viruses in cell cultures and significant antiviral activity against infections caused by a variety of viruses such as the herpes viruses, the VACCINIA VIRUS and varicella zoster virus.

1. Neobavaisoflavone is isolated as a DNA polymerase inhibitor. 2. Neobavaisoflavone might be a potential anabolic agent to treat bone loss-associated diseases. 3. Neobavaisoflavone has anti-inflammatory activity, can significantly inhibit the production

3,4-Dihydroxybenzylamine hydrobromide (NSC-263475 hydrobromide) inhibits DNA polymerase activity in melanoma cells and displays growth inhibitory activity in melanoma cell lines with varying degrees of tyrosinase activity.

Isoindigotin is used in the therapy of Y.

Clevudine (Levovir) is a synthetic pyrimidine analogue with activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Intracellularly, clevudine is phosphorylated to its active metabolites, clevudine monophosphate and triphosphate. The triphosphate metabolite competes with thymidine for incorporation into viral DNA, thereby causing DNA chain termination and inhibiting the function of HBV DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase). Clevudine has a long half-life and shows significant reduction of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), therefore the patient is less likely to have a relapse after treatment is discontinued.

Fialuridine (DRG-0098) is a DNA-directed DNA polymerase inhibitor potentially for the treatment of HBV infection with potent activity against hepatitis B virus in vitro and in vivo.

Tenofovir diphosphate is an inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase (Kis = 0.022 and 1.55 μM for RNA and DNA, respectively) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase (Ki = 0.18 μM). It is selective for these enzymes over DNA polymerase α and β, as well as mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ (Kis = 5.2, 81.7, and 59.5 μM, respectively). Tenofovir diphosphate is formed intracellularly through phosphorylation of the prodrugs tenofovir and tenofovir disoproxil by nucleotide kinases. Increased levels of tenofovir diphosphate in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) correlate with a decrease in the risk of simian HIV (SHIV) acquisition in a macaque model of rectal SHIV transmission.

6(5H)-Phenanthridinone is an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and PARP2. It decreases radiation-induced PARP activity and proliferation of RDM4 murine lymphoma cells. 6(5H)-Phenanthridinone reduces NF-κB-induced transcription of the genes encoding TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ in rat lymphocytes. In vivo, 6(5H)-phenanthridinone reduces spinal cord expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ and reduces disease score in a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). It also decreases serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase as well as hepatic lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage, and PARP levels.

Ditercalinium chloride, an anticancer agent, inhibits human DNA polymerase gamma activity and can deplete mitochondrial DNA in both mouse and human cells. Additionally, Ditercalinium chloride is a potential ligand against the COMMD10-AP3S1 fusion protein [1] [2].

ddhCTP, a nucleoside analog, inhibits DNA synthesis by specifically targeting the activity of DNA polymerases. It demonstrates inhibition constants (Ki) of 1.32 and 0.034 μM for DNA polymerase β and DNA polymerase γ, respectively.

Aphidicolin 17-acetate is a selective inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerase α (DNA polymeraseα) that does not inhibit DNA polymerases β and γ. It significantly suppresses DNA synthesis in sea urchin embryos and HeLa cells in vivo without affecting RNA and protein synthesis.