deoxycholic acid

Deoxycholic acid (Cholanoic Acid) is a bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.

Deoxycholic acid sodium salt (Sodium deoxycholate) can activate the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 that stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity.

7-keto-deoxycholic acid is converted from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium with specific condition and from cholic acid in vitro.

Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid (Lithocholylglycine) is a glycine conjugate of lithocholic acid, a bile acid. It is increased in livers of mice that are fed diets supplemented with ursadeoxycholic acid. Glycolithocholic acid levels are decreased in lean mice treated with obestatin. Serum glycolithocholic acid levels increase with age in children.

Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium (Sodium Ursodeoxycholate) is a naturally occurring secondary bile acid with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities. Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors,

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a potent inhibitor of liver-specific fatty acid transporter 5 (FATP5). Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits cholesterol absorption and is used to dissolve gallstones.

Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) is a bile acid that inhibits 11β-HSD2 with an IC50 value of 22 mM. Chenodeoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to dissolve fat for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. Chenodeoxycholic acid is used as a choledocholithiasis, choledocholithiasis and laxative, as well as to prevent or dissolve gallstones.

Hyodeoxycholic acid (NSC 60672) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hypercholesterolemia.

Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid (12-Deoxycholyltaurine) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid.

Glycoursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodeoxycholylglycine) is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment. In hepatocytes, both primary and secondary bile acids undergo amino acid conjugation at the C-24 carboxylic acid on the side chain, and almost all bile acids in the bile duct, therefore, exist in a glycine conjugated form. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals.

Glycodeoxycholic Acid is an endogenous metabolite, a natural product found in Streptomyces niger, Trypanosoma brucei, and Cryptomonas, which induces hepatocyte necrosis and autophagy in patients with obstructive cholestasis.

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium (Sodium taurochenodeoxycholate) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium induces apoptosis and shows obvious anti-inflammatory and immune regulation properties. It can increase glucose-induced insulin secretion and stimulate the electrical activity of α2-cells and enhance cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)).

Isodeoxycholic Acid is a bile acid that is formed via epimerization of deoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria. It has a greater critical micelle concentration than DCA, indicating reduced detergent activity, and is less active than DCA in inhibiting growth in a panel of seven gut commensal bacteria species. Isodeoxycholic Acid(0.1%) inhibits spore germination induced by taurocholic acid in several C. difficile strains, as well as decreases the cytotoxicity of C. difficile culture supernatants to Vero cells. Plasma levels of isodeoxycholic acid are decreased in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced obesity compared with rats fed a normal diet.

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt is a bile salt formed in the liver from deoxycholic acid and glycine that induces apoptosis in hepatocytes. It acts as a detergent, dissolves fats for absorption, and is itself absorbed.

Taurodeoxycholic acid (Taurodeoxychloic acid) is a bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid, a human metabolite that stabilizes mitochondrial membranes and reduces the formation of free radicals.Taurodeoxycholic acid inhibits apoptosis by blocking calcium-mediated apoptotic pathways and by activation of caspase-12. Taurodeoxycholic acid has neuroprotective activity and has been used to study 3-nitropropionic acid-induced or stabilized hereditary Huntington's chorea (HD).

3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (Isoursodeoxycholic acid) is a bile acid that exhibits good tolerance and good intestinal absorption when administered orally.3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (Isoursodeoxycholic acid) can undergo enzymatic isomerization in the intestines and the 3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (Isoursodeoxycholic acid) undergoes enzymatic isomerization in the intestine and liver and produces UDCA.

12-Ketodeoxycholic acid, a bile acid and kidney metabolite, serves as a detectable marker for kidney injury [1].

Taurohyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA) is a bile acid that plays a key role in regulating the hepatic inflammatory microenvironment.THDCA reduces the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 and inhibits the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is able to inhibit non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and regulate bile acid metabolism in combination with astragalus polysaccharides: it reduces CD36 expression in the liver and decreases hepatic lipid accumulation by up-regulating CYP7B1 and down-regulating CYP7A1.

Murideoxycholic Acid alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating the enterohepatic axis.

Glycodeoxycholic acid monohydrate is a nuclear receptor ligand.

Nordeoxycholic acid (norDCA) is a metabolite of norcholic acid, which is associated with glucose and lipid metabolism.

Taurohyodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (Sodium taurohyodeoxycholate hydrate) prevents apoptosis by blocking a calcium-mediated apoptotic pathway as well as caspase-12 activation.

glycohyodeoxycholic acid is a major metabolite of the secondary bile acid hyodeoxycholic acid in humans.

Taurodeoxycholic acid sodium hydrate (Sodium taurodeoxycholate monohydrate), a hydrophilic bile salt, influences bile salt and biliary lipid secretion in rats.