complications

Benfotiamine (S-Benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate) is a synthetic S-acyl derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) employed as an antioxidant dietary supplement.

Rhoifolin (Apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside) is extracted from Turpinia arguya Seem dried leaves.

Emodin 6-O-β-D-glucoside (Glucoemodin) can protect barrier integrity and inhibit HMGB1-mediated inflammatory responses, which suggests a potential use as a therapy for sepsis or septic shock. Emodin 6-O-beta-D-glucoside has anti-inflammatory activities and also may have significant therapeutic benefits against diabetic complications and atherosclerosis.

Lidorestat (IDD-676) is an aldose reductase inhibitor (IC50: 5 nM) with effective, selective and oral activity. Lidorestat improves nerve conduction and reduces the formation of cataracts. Lidorestat can be used to treat complications of chronic diabetes.

ME-3221 is an angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist that prevents hypertensive complications in aged stroke-prone hypertensive rats.

Piclozotan (anhydrous), a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, demonstrated significant neuroprotective activity in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) model, ameliorating motor complications in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease.

Raxofelast (IRFI-016) is a hydrophilic, non-systemic, vitamin-like antioxidant that reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in testis. Raxofelast is a good candidate compound for stopping oxidative stress after acute testicular torsion. Raxofelast has the potential to treat diabetic complications and atherosclerosis.

Aligeron, a non-selective prostaglandin (PG) antagonist, inhibits PGF2α- and PGE2-induced blood pressure decreases in cats and can prevent PGF2α-induced diarrhea in mice and PGE2-induced paw edema in rats. Additionally, Aligeron is recognized for its antioxidant-protective effect against vascular complications.

LI-2242 is a potent inositol hexakisphosphate kinase (IP6K) inhibitor with IC50s of 31 nM, 42 nM, 8.7 nM, and 1944 nM for IP6K1, IP6K2, IP6K3, and IPMK, respectively.LI-2242 ameliorated hepatic steatosis by reducing the expression of genes that enhance lipid uptake, lipid stabilization, and adipogenesis, and enhanced mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and insulin signaling in adipocytes and hepatocytes in vitro. LI-2242 ameliorated diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis in mice.LI-2242 can be used to study type II diabetes, obesity, metabolic complications, venous thrombosis and psychiatric disorders.

Ganciclovir (2'-Nor-2'-deoxyguanosine) is an ACYCLOVIR analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections.

Diacerein (Fisiodar) is a prodrug which is metabolized to rhein. It is currently approved in France for the treatment of osteoarthritis although the use of diacerein is restricted due to the side effects including sevre diarrhea [L780]. Diacerein is under investigation for the treatment of Insulin Resistance, Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2), and Diabetes-Related Complications.

Uridine triacetate (RG 2133 triacetate) (Tri-O-acetyl uridine), an orally active prodrug of uridine, is efficiently absorbed in the gut and swiftly deacetylated in the circulation to release free uridine. It is utilized in the research of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and capecitabine toxicity, particularly targeting early-onset cardiac or central nervous system (CNS) complications.

ALR2-IN-1 is a potent and selective ALR2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.42 μM. ALR2-IN-1 possesses both antiglycemic and antioxidant activities and can be used to study the complications of diabetes.

AT-007 is an orally active CNS penetrant Aldose Reductase inhibitor for the treatment of Galactosemia (IC50: 100 pM). It reduces toxic galactitol levels and prevents disease complications in GALT deficiency rats.

Foscarbidopa is a prodrug of carbidopa, which is metabolised by alkaline phosphatase into carbidopa upon entering the body, thereby increasing dopamine levels. It is often used in combination with levodopa to treat motor complications in advanced Parkinson's disease.

Sorbinil is an Aldose reductase inhibitor. Sorbinil plays a therapeutic role in treating diabetes and diabetic complications decreases AR activity and inhibit the polyol pathway.

BNS808 is an orally active, selective CB1R antagonist with an IC50 of 0.8 nM, demonstrating significant selectivity for CB2R and minimal brain penetration. It is being studied for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic complications, such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). BNS808 reduces drug exposure to the central nervous system, enhancing safety, and minimizes drug interactions through high plasma protein binding.

BT-114143 is a plasminogen activator inhibitor with an IC50 of 8.42 μM. It is applicable in research related to hemorrhagic diseases caused by excessive fibrinolysis, including traumatic bleeding, severe menorrhagia, postpartum hemorrhage, and complications of hemophilia.

Triethylenetetramine (Trientine) tetrahydrochloride is an orally active, potent, and selective copper chelator. It aids in the excretion of divalent copper ions from the body, reduces intestinal copper absorption, and minimizes copper accumulation. Additionally, Triethylenetetramine tetrahydrochloride exhibits potential anticancer properties through mechanisms such as telomerase inhibition, anti-angiogenesis, and promoting cancer cell apoptosis (apoptosis). This compound shows promise in the study of Wilson's disease, cancer, and diabetic complications.

Lisinopril (Prinivil), the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is used primarily in the treatment of high heart failure, blood pressure, and heart attacks. It is also used for preventing eye and kidney complications in people with diabetes.

SMI-6860766 is a CD40-Traf6 interactions blocker that acts by ameliorating the complications of diet-induced obesity in mice.

EGFR-IN-542 is a novel EGFR inhibitor. EGFR-IN-542 significantly reduces myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis and dysfunction. It shows promise for use in the treatment of obesity-induced cardiac complications.

Contezolid (MRX-I) is an orally available oxazolidinone antibiotic with bactericidal activity that can be used to study complications of skin tissue infections and tuberculosis caused by drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria.

Cycloolivil (Isoolivil) is a natural polyphenolic compound found in olive trees that exhibits significant radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. It may prevent thrombotic complications associated with platelet hyperaggregability and serve as a foundational compound for further research.