L-Arginine (L-Arg) is a substrate of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). L-Arginine is transported to vascular smooth muscle cells via a family of cationic amino acid transporters and is metabolized to nitric oxide, polyamines, or L-proline. L-Arginine is a potent vasodilator and can be used to induce experimental acute pancreatitis.

p-Coumaric acid (para-Coumaric Acid) is the abundant isomer of cinnamic acid, with antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities.

D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate (D-Raffinose pentahydrate) is a naturally occurring trisaccharide composed of fructose, galactose, and glucose, found in various vegetables and grains. It functions as a functional oligosaccharide.

1. Soyasaponin Bb (Soyasaponin I) can suppress Eca-976 cell growth, reverse effects on over expression of c-met, VEGF, and induce cell apoptosis through inhibiting HDAC1-NF-kappaB and activating PETEN and caspase-3 signaling pathways.

Daidzein (Isoflavone) is an isoflavone extract from soy, which is an inactive analog of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. It has antioxidant and phytoestrogenic properties.

Soyasaponin Ba may represent viable candidates for effective vaccine adjuvants due to their higher and lower or non-haemolytic effects.Soyasaponins Ab and Bb prevent scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice without the inhibition of acetylcholinester

Soyasapogenol B has anti-cancer, hypocholesterolemic, anticomplementary, hepatoprotective effects, it inhibits proliferation of cultured Hep-G2.

1. Gycitein has weak estrogenic activity. 2. Glycitein (Glycetein) inhibits glioma cell invasion through down-regulation of MMP-3 and MMP-9 gene expression.

Daidzin (Daidzoside) is an isoflavone isolated from soya bean with anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-atherosclerotic activities.

L-Phenylalanine (3-Phenyl-L-alanine) is an essential amino acid and the precursor of the amino acid tyrosine, acts as an antagonist at α2δ calcium channels.

Dihydrodaidzein ((±)-Dihydrodaidzein)-producing bacteria might lead to clarification of some of the mechanisms regulating the production of equol by fecal microbiota.

(-)-(S)-Equol (4',7-Dihydroxyisoflavan) is an orally bioavailable, non-steroidal estrogen naturally produced by the metabolism of the isoflavonoid daidzein by human intestinal microflora, with potential chemoprotective and estrogen receptor (ER) modulating activities. S-equol preferentially binds to and activates the beta isoform of ER in certain target tissues, while having an antagonistic effect in other tissues. This modulates the expression of ER-responsive genes in a tissue-specific manner. This agent may increase bone mineral density, affect vasomotor symptoms, and may decrease the proliferation rate of susceptible cancer cells. In addition, this agent interferes with the activity of enzymes involved in steroid biosynthesis. S-equol inhibits dihydrotestosterone (DHT) production and may inhibit the proliferation of androgen-driven prostate cancer. S-equol is the biologically active enantiomer while R-equol is essentially inactive and has a weak affinity for alpha-ER.

6''-O-Malonylgenistin possesses a hepatoprotective activity.

Soyasaponin Ab may represent a viable candidate for effective vaccine adjuvant, TLR4 receptor dependent pathway may be involved in immune stimulatory effects of soyasaponin Ab.

Esculetin (Cichorigenin) is a coumarin derivative from various natural plant products with various biological and pharmaceutical properties including anti-edema, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour effects. It inhibits lipoxygenases (LOs).

Desmethylglycitein (6,7,4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone) , is a novel inhibitor of PKCα in suppressing solar UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase 1, which has antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities.

Coumarin is a chemical compound/poison found in many plants, notably in high concentration in the tonka bean, woodruff, and bison grass. It has clinical value as the precursor for several anticoagulants, notably warfarin.

Dicoumarol (Dicumarol) is a hydroxycoumarin originally isolated from molding sweet-clover hay, with anticoagulant and vitamin K depletion activities. Dicoumarol is a competitive inhibitor of vitamin K epoxidereductase; thus, it inhibits vitamin K recycling and causes depletion of active vitamin K in blood. This prevents the formation of the active form of prothrombin and several other coagulant enzymes, and inhibits blood clotting.

Trypsin Inhibitor, soybean is a trypsin inhibitor extracted from leguminous plants.

Umbelliferone (7-Hydroxycoumarin) is found in anise. Umbelliferone occurs widely in plants including Angelica species Phytoalexin of infected sweet potat. It has been reported to have antioxidant properties.

Nordalbergin, a coumarin isolated from the bark of Dalbergia sissoo, significantly induces the differentiation of HL-60 cells.

7-Hydroxy-4-methyl-8-nitrocoumarin, a derivative of coumarin, functions as a modified coumarin compound.

Phytohemagglutinin P (PHA-P) is a naturally occurring lectin, the protein form of PHA.PHA is a selective T-cell mitogen that binds T-cell receptors and enhances HIV-1 replication.

4-Phenyl-7,8-dihydroxycoumarin (7,8-Dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin) inhibits the activity of Staphylococcus aureus DNA helicase