1. L-Arginine (L-Arg) exhibits anti-atherosclerotic effect. 2. L-Arginine and soy enriched diet are effective in prevention of osteoporosis associated with diabetes mellitus. 3. Exogenous L-Arginine could enhance neonate lymphocyte proliferation through an interleukin-2-independent pathway. 4. A combination of oral L-citrulline and L-Arginine effectively and rapidly augments NO-dependent responses at the acute stage.
(-)-(S)-Equol (4',7-Dihydroxyisoflavan) is an orally bioavailable, non-steroidal estrogen naturally produced by the metabolism of the isoflavonoid daidzein by human intestinal microflora, with potential chemoprotective and estrogen receptor (ER) modulating activities. S-equol preferentially binds to and activates the beta isoform of ER in certain target tissues, while having an antagonistic effect in other tissues. This modulates the expression of ER-responsive genes in a tissue-specific manner. This agent may increase bone mineral density, affect vasomotor symptoms, and may decrease the proliferation rate of susceptible cancer cells. In addition, this agent interferes with the activity of enzymes involved in steroid biosynthesis. S-equol inhibits dihydrotestosterone (DHT) production and may inhibit the proliferation of androgen-driven prostate cancer. S-equol is the biologically active enantiomer while R-equol is essentially inactive and has a weak affinity for alpha-ER.
Coumarin is a chemical compound poison found in many plants, notably in high concentration in the tonka bean, woodruff, and bison grass. It has clinical value as the precursor for several anticoagulants, notably warfarin.
Ethyl coumarin-3-carboxylate, a coumarin derivative, serves as a pseudo-template for the synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) that specifically recognize aflatoxins.
7-Amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin (Coumarin 151) is a 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor Subtype 1E (HTR1E) antagonist, a Galanin Receptor 2 (GALR2) antagonist, and a hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 4 (HSD17B4) inhibitor with an activity value of 21 µM.
Phytohemagglutinin P (PHA-P) is a naturally occurring lectin, the protein form of PHA.PHA is a selective T-cell mitogen that binds T-cell receptors and enhances HIV-1 replication.
L-α-lysophosphatidylinositol sodium is an endogenous ligand of GPR55 and an endogenous cannabinoid neurotransmitter that is involved in controlling cell survival and tumor progression.
Isoformononetin (IFN) is a methoxy isoflavone present in human dietary supplements that exhibits immune-protective effects by preventing neuroinflammation in a streptozotocin-induced rat model through inhibition of the NLRP3 ASC IL-1 axis activation.
3-Hydroxylicochalcone A is a naturally occurring chalcone derivative. chalcone derivatives usually inhibit murine 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2), e.g., Licochalcone A is the most potent of them all (IC50=15.6 μM).
Soyasaponin II has antiviral effects, it can inhibit the replication of human cytomegalovirus, influenza virus, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
6-O-Acetyldaidzin is an isoflavone glycoside isolated from soybeans. It significantly inhibits lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsome (IC50: 8.2 μM).
Soyasapogenol A shows estrogenic and hepatoprotective activities, it directly prevents apoptosis of hepatocytes, and secondly, inhibits the elevation of plasma TNF-α±, which consequently resulted in the prevention of liver damage in the concanavalin A-induced hepatitis model.