Xanthine Oxidase

Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate (myo-Inositol, hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate) dodecasodium salt hydrate) is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase with an IC50 of 6 mM and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-5 is an orally active xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor (IC50 : 55 nM).Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-5 may be used in studies of acute hyperuricemia.

Xanthine oxidase-IN-1 is an effective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase with an IC50 value of 6.5 nM. It plays a central role in purine catabolism through the degradation of bioactive nucleotides facilitated by nucleic acid and nucleotide intermediates.

Niraxostat (Y-700) is one of the isocytosine derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors.

Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-4 is an orally active xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor that inhibits XOR with an IC50 value of 29.3 nM.Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-4 can be used to study hyperuricemia.

Amflutizole used for the treatment of gout, and is a Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-3 is an orally active xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor (IC50: 26.3 nM).Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-3 can be used in acute hyperuricemia studies.

Forsythoside F (Arenarioside) is a natural product, and GI50 values of 10-16 microM against B16F10 cell.

Tigulixostat (LC350189) is a novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) that reduces uric acid production and may be used in studies of gout-related diseases.

Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

Allopurinol (Zyloric) is a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of allopurinol is as a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor.

Nequinate is an anticoccidial agent, preventing coccidiosis .

Benzbromarone (Desuric) is a CYP2C9 inhibitor with Ki value of 19.3 nM.

Febuxostat (TEI 6720) is a xanthine oxidase Inhibitor.

Blumeatin shows XO inhibitory activity.

Xanthine oxidase-IN-12 (Compound 11), an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO), possesses an IC50 value of 91 nM and exhibits antioxidant properties, additionally diminishing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) [1].

8-Azaadenine (NSC-32797) is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase with IC50 of 0.54 μM and Ki of 0.66 μM.

4-Hydroxyacetophenone (4-Acetylphenol) is a potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

Myricetin 3-O-galactoside (Myricetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside) can inhibit xanthine oxidase (xanthine oxidase; XO) activity, lipid peroxidation and scavenging free radicals. Myricetin 3-O-galactoside has many effects, including cytotoxicity, anti-oxidation, anti-genotoxicity, anti-infectivity, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and its main effect is to inhibit the synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The IC50 of Myricetin 3-O-galactoside inhibited lipid peroxidation was 160 μg mL.

Compound BDEO (URAT1&XO inhibitor 2) serves as a dual-action inhibitor targeting both xanthine oxidase (XO) and URAT1, demonstrating an IC50 value of 3.3 μM for XO inhibition. It effectively impedes uric acid uptake in HEK293 cells with URAT1 expression, evidenced by a Ki of 0.145 μM. In hyperuricemic mice models, the compound has been shown to reduce serum urate levels and uric acid excretion, indicating potential utility for hyperuricemia research [1].

Compound 5f (Antioxidant agent-13) is an antioxidant that demonstrates inhibition of DPPH and FRAP with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 80.33 µM and 85.69 µM, respectively. Additionally, it inhibits the enzymes lipoxygenase (LOX) and xanthine oxidase (XO) with IC50s of 16.85 µM and 23.01 µM, respectively [1].

Prudomestin (3,5,7-Trihydroxy-4',8-dimethoxyflavone) is a natural product isolated from the heartwood of Prunus domestica, with xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity with IC50 of 6 µM.

6-Formylpterin (Pterin-6-aldehyde) is an inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase (Ki ~0.6 nM) with potent neuroprotective effects against transient IRI in gerbils.6-Formylpterin induces intracellular ROS generation in HL-60 cells as well as apoptosis ( 6-Formylpterin inhibits the expression of iNOS, produces hydrogen peroxide intracellularly and restores the impaired bactericidal activity of human neutrophils.

Fraxamoside is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) comparable in potency in vitro to the standard antigout drug allopurinol. It shows significant free radical scavenging effect against DPPH(EC50=62.6 uM).

Phytic acid (Fytic Acid) is a complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.

Xanthine Oxidase-IN-11, an analog of XO8, is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO) [1].

URAT1&XO Inhibitor 1 (compound 29) serves as a dual inhibitor with IC50 values of approximately 10 μM for URAT1 and 1.01 μM for Xanthine Oxidase. It induces a hypouricemic effect in the potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rat model and is utilized in research pertaining to hyperuricemia [1].

Purpurogallin is a naturally phenol extracted from the plants of Quercus spp. It has effective xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (IC50: 0.2 µM). Purpurogallin also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Oxypurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Oxipurinol is potentially used for the treatment of congestive heart failure.

Tetrahydroamentoflavone is a potent XO inhibitor (IC50 = 92 nM, Ki = 982 nM) with anti-inflammatory effects. Tetrahydroamentoflavone can be used for studies about inflammation and gout.

Topiroxostat (FYX-051) is a selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor developed for treatment and management of hyperuricemia and gout.