surgery

GW-493838 is a potent adenosine A1A receptor agonist for the treatment of dyslipidemia and neuropathic pain, with analgesic effects on post-herpetic neuralgia or peripheral nerve damage caused by trauma or surgery.

SYA 006 can be used to make adhesives for ophthalmic surgery.

Rocuronium bromide (ORG 9426) is a muscle relaxant or aminosteroid non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker. During surgery or mechanical ventilation, it is used to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation.

Hyaluronidase (Hyaluronate 4-glycanohydrolase), a naturally occurring enzyme, depolymerizes hyaluronic acid through glycosidic bond cleavage and is utilized in ophthalmic surgery.

Bethanechol chloride (Carbamyl-β-methylcholine chloride) is a slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. It is used to increase smooth muscle tone in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or to treat urinary retention without obstruction. Possible side effects include hypotension, heart rate changes, and bronchial spasm.

Nitroprusside disodium dihydrate (Sodium Nitroprusside Dihydrate) is a potent vasodilator working through releasing NO spontaneously in blood.

CLT-28643 is a potent and specific α5β1-Integrin inhibitor that prevents fibrosis in glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS), inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis, suppresses fibrosis and inflammation in a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model, and improves insulin sensitivity and cardiac function in H9C2 cells from obese mice.

Mapracorat (ZK-245186, BOL-303242X) is a selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist commonly used as an anti-inflammatory agent for atopic dermatitis, post-cataract surgery inflammation, and allergic conjunctivitis.

Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate (GR 38032) is a competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.

JNK-IN-19 (Compound Q8) is an inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, utilized for the treatment and or prevention of injuries prior to, during, or following surgery.

Sodium picofosfate is a contact irritant laxative primarily used to alleviate constipation or prepare the colon for a colonoscopy or surgery.

Pegulicianine is an imaging agent utilized to detect residual cancer cells in the tumor bed of female patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery (BCS).

ACSF is often used as a replacement of CSF for perfusion of brain slices to preserve interneurons. ACSF is invented to reduce the incidence of cerebral edema and further suppress brain cell disorders. And ACSF is often used as an irrigation fluid or perfu

Laudexium is a neuromuscular blocking drug or skeletal muscle relaxant in the category of non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drugs. It is used adjunctively in surgical anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle re

Laudexium methylsulfate is a neuromuscular blocking drug or skeletal muscle relaxant. It is used adjunctively in surgical anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.

Hexafluronium bromide is a neuromuscular blocker and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist used in anesthesiology to prolong and enhance the skeletal muscle relaxation of succinylcholine during surgery.

Fluorometholone (Fluoromethalone) is a corticosteroid, most often used after laser-based refractive surgery. It is marketed under the brand names FML (Allergan) and Flarex (Alcon). Fluorometholone acetate ophthalmic suspension is indicated for use in the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the eye.

Neostigmine Iodide is a parasympathic compound used as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor to improve muscle tone in patients with myasthenia gravis and in routine anesthesia to reverse the effects of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants such as rocu

Refortan, as hydroxyethyl starch, can be used in surgery for maintaining hemostasis in patients.

δ14-Triamcinolone acetonide is a potential impurity found in commercial preparations of triamcinolone acetonide. Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid. It decreases cytokine levels, the firing rate of sensory neurons, and mechanical hypersensitivity in a rat spinal nerve ligation model when used at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg prior to and following surgery for three days. Triamcinolone acetonide also decreases outflow facility in a mouse model of steroid-induced glaucoma when 20 μl of a 40 mg/ml suspension is administered subconjunctivally. Formulations containing triamcinolone acetonide are used in the treatment of diabetic macular edema.

PGBx is a mixture of oligomers of PGB1 with a molecular weight of 1,000-1,500. It has antioxidant and free radical trapping activity that was first studied in isolated mitochondria.1 PGBx has anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activity which may be attributed to inhibition of the 14 kDa sPLA2.2,3 At a dose of 1 mg/kg, PGBx significantly reduces the incidence of ulcers in rats.2References1. Polis, B.D., Polis, E., and Kwong, S. Protection and reactivation of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria by a stable free-radical prostaglandin polymer (PGBΧ). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 76, 1598-1602 (1979).2. Kumashiro, R., Devlin, T.M., Kholoussy, A.M., et al. Prostaglandin BΧ in the prevention of stress ulcers in rats. International Surgery 70, 247-250 (1985).3. Franson, R.C., Rosenthal, M.D., and Regelson, W. Mechanism(s) of cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of PGB1 oligomers: PGBx has potent anti-phospholipase A2 and anti-oxidant activity. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 43, 63-70 (1991). PGBx is a mixture of oligomers of PGB1 with a molecular weight of 1,000-1,500. It has antioxidant and free radical trapping activity that was first studied in isolated mitochondria.1 PGBx has anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activity which may be attributed to inhibition of the 14 kDa sPLA2.2,3 At a dose of 1 mg/kg, PGBx significantly reduces the incidence of ulcers in rats.2 References1. Polis, B.D., Polis, E., and Kwong, S. Protection and reactivation of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria by a stable free-radical prostaglandin polymer (PGBΧ). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 76, 1598-1602 (1979).2. Kumashiro, R., Devlin, T.M., Kholoussy, A.M., et al. Prostaglandin BΧ in the prevention of stress ulcers in rats. International Surgery 70, 247-250 (1985).3. Franson, R.C., Rosenthal, M.D., and Regelson, W. Mechanism(s) of cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of PGB1 oligomers: PGBx has potent anti-phospholipase A2 and anti-oxidant activity. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 43, 63-70 (1991).

D-Glucosamine-6-sulfate is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan. It activates the glmS ribozyme from B. subtilis, a Gram-positive bacterium, when used at a concentration of 200 μM. It has been used to form polyvalent dendrimer conjugates that inhibit angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation induced by FGF-2 in vitro and prevent scar tissue formation in a rabbit model of glaucoma surgery.

p-SCN-Bn-DOTA is a chelator that simultaneously binds radionuclides and links monoclonal antibodies. It is utilized as a tracer for radio-guided surgery and serves in radio-immunoassay studies of tumors.

(±) Anabasine is a muscle relaxant that can be used for muscle relaxation during surgery.