d-12

'(12β)-20-(β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-one is a naturally occurring compound isolated from Cladosporium microorganisms [1].'

12-Hydroxyganoderic acid D is a natural product

12-O-Methylinophyllum D is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN5897 and the CAS number is 40883-10-1.

19-O-beta-D-carboxyglucopyranosyl-12-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-11,16-dihydroxyabieta-8,11,13-triene is a natural product of Pinus, Pinaceae. The catalog number is TN6493 and the CAS number is 1011714-20-7. 19-O-beta-D-carboxyglucopyranosyl-12-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-11,16-dihydroxyabieta-8,11,13-triene can be used as a reference standard.

12-Acetoxy ganoderic acid D is a natural product that can be used as a reference standard.

12-Acetoxyganoderic acid D is a triterpenoid compound found in Ganoderma sinense. It exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

2-Hydroxyanthraquinone is an anthraquinone that has been found inSpermacoce latifoliaand has antibacterial and estrogenic activities.1,2It is active againstB. subtilisandB. cereus(MICs = 1.9 and 62.5 μg ml, respectively).12-Hydroxyanthraquinone (19 μM) induces estrogen receptor α (ERα) activation in a yeast two-hybrid assay.2 1.Luo, Y., Shen, H.-Y., Shen, Q.-X., et al.A new anthraquinone and a new naphthoquinone from the whole plant of Spermacoce latifoliJ. Asian Nat. Prod. Res.19(9)869-876(2017) 2.Kurihara, R., Shiraishi, F., Tanaka, N., et al.Presence and estrogenicity of anthracene derivatives in coastal Japanese watersEnviron. Toxicol. Chem.24(8)1984-1993(2005)

Platycodin D may stimulate TNF-α synthesis or inhibit degradation of TNF-α mRNA. Platycodin D (10 30 μM) suppresses prostaglandin E2 production in rat peritoneal macrophages stimulated by the protein kinase C activator 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Platycodin D and D3 are useful as expectorant agents in the treatment of various airway diseases, they can increase mucin release from rat and hamster tracheal surface epithelial cell culture and also from intact rat trachea upon nebulization.

Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucosyl(1-2)rhamnoside is a natural peoduct isolated from Arabian jasmine

Fructo-oligosaccharide DP12 GF11 is a member of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) characterized by a degree of polymerization (DP) of 12. FOS compounds consist of 11 fructose units connected by (2→1)-β-glycosidic bonds, with a lone D-glucosyl unit located at the non-reducing end.

Nemorosone is a polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAP) originally isolated from C. rosea that has antiproliferative properties.1 Nemorosone inhibits growth of NB69, Kelly, SK-N-AS, and LAN-1 neuroblastoma cells (IC50s = 3.1-6.3 μM), including several drug-resistant clones, but not MRC-5 human embryonic fibroblasts (IC50 = >40 μM).2 It increases DNA fragmentation in LAN-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and decreases N-Myc protein levels and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1/2. Nemorosone also inhibits growth of Capan-1, AsPC-1, and MIA-PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 4.5-5.0 μM following a 72-hour treatment) but not human dermal and foreskin fibroblasts (IC50s = >35 μM).1 It induces apoptosis, abolishes the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increases cytosolic calcium concentration in pancreatic cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Nemorosone activates the caspase cascade in a dose-dependent manner and inhibits cell cycle progression, increasing the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase, in both neuroblastoma and pancreatic cancer cells.1,2 Nemorosone (50 mg/kg, i.p., per day) also reduces tumor growth in an MIA-PaCa-2 mouse xenograft model.3References1. Holtrup, F., Bauer, A., Fellenberg, K., et al. Microarray analysis of nemorosone-induced cytotoxic effects on pancreatic cancer cells reveals activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Br. J. Pharmacol. 162(5), 1045-1059 (2011).2. Díaz-Carballo, D., Malak, S., Bardenheuer, W., et al. Cytotoxic activity of nemorosone in neuroblastoma cells. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 12(6B), 2598-2608 (2008).3. Wold, R.J., Hilger, R.A., Hoheisel, J.D., et al. In vivo activity and pharmacokinetics of nemorosone on pancreatic cancer xenografts. PLoS One 8(9), e74555 (2013). Nemorosone is a polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAP) originally isolated from C. rosea that has antiproliferative properties.1 Nemorosone inhibits growth of NB69, Kelly, SK-N-AS, and LAN-1 neuroblastoma cells (IC50s = 3.1-6.3 μM), including several drug-resistant clones, but not MRC-5 human embryonic fibroblasts (IC50 = >40 μM).2 It increases DNA fragmentation in LAN-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and decreases N-Myc protein levels and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1/2. Nemorosone also inhibits growth of Capan-1, AsPC-1, and MIA-PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 4.5-5.0 μM following a 72-hour treatment) but not human dermal and foreskin fibroblasts (IC50s = >35 μM).1 It induces apoptosis, abolishes the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increases cytosolic calcium concentration in pancreatic cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Nemorosone activates the caspase cascade in a dose-dependent manner and inhibits cell cycle progression, increasing the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase, in both neuroblastoma and pancreatic cancer cells.1,2 Nemorosone (50 mg/kg, i.p., per day) also reduces tumor growth in an MIA-PaCa-2 mouse xenograft model.3 References1. Holtrup, F., Bauer, A., Fellenberg, K., et al. Microarray analysis of nemorosone-induced cytotoxic effects on pancreatic cancer cells reveals activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Br. J. Pharmacol. 162(5), 1045-1059 (2011).2. Díaz-Carballo, D., Malak, S., Bardenheuer, W., et al. Cytotoxic activity of nemorosone in neuroblastoma cells. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 12(6B), 2598-2608 (2008).3. Wold, R.J., Hilger, R.A., Hoheisel, J.D., et al. In vivo activity and pharmacokinetics of nemorosone on pancreatic cancer xenografts. PLoS One 8(9), e74555 (2013).

9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHOME is a linoleic acid-derived oxylipin that has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4It has been found in various plants and is produced in human eosinophils in a 15-lipoxygenase-dependent, soluble epoxide hydrolase-independent manner.1,59(S),12(S)13(S)-TriHOME inhibits antigen-induced β-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 mast cells (IC50= 28.7 μg ml).2It inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV-2 microglia (IC50= 40.95 μM).3In vivo, 9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHOME (1 g animal) enhances the antiviral IgA and IgG antibody responses induced by a nasal influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine by 5.2- and 2-fold, respectively, in mice.4 1.Hamberg, M., and Hamberg, G.Peroxygenase-catalyzed fatty acid epoxidation in cereal seeds: Sequential oxidation of linoleic acid into 9(S),12(S),13(S)-trihydroxy-10(E)-octadecenoic acidPlant Physiol.110(3)807-815(1996) 2.Hong, S.S., and Oh, J.S.Inhibitors of antigen-induced degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells isolated from wheat branJ. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem.5569-74(2012) 3.Kim, C.S., Kwon, O.W., Kim, S.Y., et al.Five new oxylipins from Chaenomeles sinensisLipids49(11)1151-1159(2014) 4.Shirahata, T., Sunazuka, T., Yoshida, K., et al.Total synthesis, elucidation of absolute stereochemistry, and adjuvant activity of trihydroxy fatty acidsTetrahedron62(40)9483-9496(2006) 5.Fuchs, D., Tang, X., Johnsson, A.-K., et al.Eosinophils synthesize trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids (TriHOMEs) via a 15-lipoxygenase dependent processBiochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids1865(4)158611(2020)

C12-Ceramide (C12 Ceramide (d18:1 12:0)), a ceramide present in the protective membranes surrounding umbilical cord blood vessels in infants born to women with pre-eclampsia, can be used to assess the level of ASM activity in the plasma of patients with Niemann-Pick disease.

4,6-O-Ethylidene-α-D-glucose (Ethylidene-glucose), a derivative of glucose, serves as a competitive inhibitor for the exofacial binding site of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), exhibiting a Ki of 12 mM against wild-type 2-deoxy-D-glucose transport.

Cabenoside D (compound 8), a triterpenoid glycoside derived from the methanol extract of lichen root, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. It effectively inhibits inflammation and the activation of early Epstein-Barr virus antigen (EBV-EA) induced by 12-O-tetracylacyl hormone-13-acetate (TPA) in mice [1].

Farrerol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside [CAS: 885044-12-2], catalog number TN4052, is a natural product used in life sciences research.

Hispidulin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN4216 and the CAS number is 244285-12-9.

Myricetin 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN4607 and the CAS number is 142449-93-2.

Nyasol may have potential to be developed as medicines for the treatment of allergies by inhibiting the activation of mast cells. Nyasol shows anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting iNOS expression; it also has antifungal activity, it is significantly

Benzyl β-D-glucopyranoside is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN5753 and the CAS number is 4304-12-5.

Quercetin-3-O-D-glucosyl]-(1-2)-L-rhamnoside (Quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-rhamnoside) is the main antioxidant in Shuxuening, an herbal medicine injection.

Cyaonoside B is isolated from S. simplex as a saponin and has a glucuronic acid attached to carbon C-3.

Methyl ganoderate D is a natural product that can be used as a reference standard. The CAS number of Methyl ganoderate D is 97210-12-3.

4,4′-Secalonic acid D (Compound 12) is a PARP1 inhibitor. By inhibiting PARP1, 4,4′-Secalonic acid D induces the accumulation of ROS and DNA damage, activating the caspase-3 GSDME pathway, which leads to tumor cell apoptosis (apoptosis) and pyroptosis (pyroptosis). It exhibits antitumor activity.