antiprotozoal

Hymenidin, an alkaloid isolated from the Okinawan sponge Hymeniacidon sp. is a 5-hydroxytryptaminergic receptor antagonist and voltage-gated potassium channel inhibitor with potential antiprotozoal effects.It selectively binds to FOXO1 DNA and reduces depolarization-induced elevation of cellular calcium.

Monensin sodium is an antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis.Monensin sodium salt (Monensin A sodium salt) causes a marked enlargement of the MVBs and regulates exosome secretion

α-Terpinene is a terpenoid,has acaricidal, antiprotozoal, and antioxidant properties

Metronidazole (Metronidazol) is a synthetic nitroimidazole derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activities.

Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride is a tetracycline with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiprotozoal activity. Chlortetracycline hydrochloride (Isphamycin) is bacteriostatic and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain. This tetracycline is active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, spirochetes, rickettsial species, certain protozoa and Mycoplasma and Chlamydia organisms.

Ornidazole (Tiberal) is a nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.

Monensin is an antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It has an inhibitory effect on the Wnt β-catenin signaling cascade. Monensin is a prospective anticancer drug for the therapy of neoplasia with deregulated Wnt signaling.

1. Lycobetaine (Ungeremine) is a potential biofungicide against Penicillium roqueforti and Aspergillus niger.2. Lycobetaine have strong antibacterial activity against Flavobacterium columnare . 3. Lycobetaine effectively targets mammalian as well as bacterial type I and type II topoisomerases.4. Lycobetaine shows strong acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity(IC(50) value of 0.35 microM). 5. Lycobetaine has antiprotozoal activity, it shows good activity in in vitro assays against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, T. cruzi.

Butyrolactone V is a fungal metabolite that has been found in A. terreus and has antiprotozoal, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.1,2,3 It is active against the P. falciparum strain K1 (IC50 = 7.9 μg/ml) and L. amazonensis promastigotes (IC50 = 23.7 μM).2,1 Butyrolactone V (227 and 454.1 μM) is also active against adult S. mansoni worms.1 It scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ABTS radicals with IC50 values of 20.7 and 3.7 μM, respectively, in cell-free assays.3 Butyrolactone V also inhibits proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC50s = 22.2 and 31.9 μM, respectively).1

Cis-Melilotoside, a derivative of o-coumaric acid, exhibits potent antioxidant properties and demonstrates moderate antiprotozoal activity against T. cruzi, with an inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of 78.2 μg mL [1] [2].

7,3′,4′-Tri-O-methyleriodictyol (7,3;,4;-Tri-O-methyleriodictyol) is an isolate from the methanolic extract of Pogostemon cablin with antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, and antiprotozoal activities, and it inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as well as SOS-inducing activity.

Chalepensin, a furanocoumarin isolated from the rutaceae plant Ruta chalepensis L., is a selective CYP2A6 inhibitor, inhibiting CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A13, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4.Chalepensin exhibits Chalepensin j has antiprotozoal activity and inhibits methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with MIC values in the range of 32-128 μg mL.

20-Deoxocarnosol has antioxidant activity of measuring the decay of the radical cation diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH).It also exhibits non-specific antiprotozoal activity due to high cytotoxicity.

Geranin A, an A-type proanthocyanidin, can be isolated from the antiprotozoal extract of Geranium niveum [1].

Prodigiosin hydrochloride, a red pigment, is a bioactive secondary metabolite produced by bacteria. It exhibits potent proapoptotic activity and functions as an inhibitor of the Wnt β-catenin pathway. Additionally, this compound possesses antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antimalarial, immunosuppressive, and anticancer properties.

8-Epixanthatin, a light-induced growth inhibitor, mediates the phototropic curvature in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) hypocotyls, it can induce germination of O. cumana at nano- to micromolar concentrations. 8-Epixanthatin has antiprotozoal activity.

6-Methyl-5,6-dihydropyran-2-on is bactericidal,and antiprotozoal agents.

Nyasol may have potential to be developed as medicines for the treatment of allergies by inhibiting the activation of mast cells. Nyasol shows anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting iNOS expression; it also has antifungal activity, it is significantly

Latrunculin B, an alkaloid from the Red Sea sponge, is an actin polymerization inhibitor with antifungal and antiprotozoal activity.Latrunculin B modulates the electrophysiological characteristics of the pulmonary veins and attenuates the occurrence of torsade de pointes, and may be used in the study of glaucoma in adolescents.

5-Desmethylsinensetin is a natural product.

Violacein is a bacterial metabolite originally isolated from C. violaceum that has antibacterial and antiprotozoal activities.[1] [2] It is produced by C. violaceum as a purple pigment in response to N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone , a property that has been modified to create a strain of C. violaceum used in detecting quorum-sensing molecules.[3] Violacein is active against Gram-positive bacteria, including B. subtilis and S. aureus (MICs = 0.8 and 1.6 µM, respectively). It is also active against P. falciparum, including chloroquine-susceptible and -resistant strains (IC50s = 0.85 and 0.63 µM, respectively).[2] It reduces parasitemia in a mouse model of nonlethal P. chabaudi chabaudi infection when administered at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg and increases survival in a mouse model of lethal P. chabaudi chabaudi infection. Violacein permeabilizes the cytoplasmic membrane of bacterial cells but does not affect the cell wall.[1]

Sahandol shows antiprotozoal activity against P. falciparum and T. brucei rhodesiense.

Justicidin B, a potent lignan, exhibits anticancer and proapoptotic properties, additionally serving as a bone resorption inhibitor. This compound demonstrates robust antiviral, fungicidal, and antiprotozoal effects, along with a significant inhibition of platelet aggregation.