2alpha,6beta,23-trihydroxyl oleanolic acid

Palmatine chloride an isoquinoline alkaloid, is an important medicinal herbal extract with diverse pharmacological and biological properties.

Valproic Acid (2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor that inhibits HDAC1 activity, induces HDAC2 degradation, and is orally active. Valproic Acid can be used in epilepsy and bipolar disorder research.

Stearyl glycyrrhetinate, the stearyl ester of 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid, has been demonstrated to improve antiviral effects, reduce inflammation and suppress allergies in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.

2-Methoxybenzoic acid (o-Anisic acid) is a novel antiemetic which prevents nausea and vomiting in humans.

Vanillyl Alcohol (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) possesses anti-angiogenic, anticonvulsive, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-nociceptive activities. Vanillyl alcohol can effectively inhibit the cytotoxicity and improved cell viability in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced MN9D dopaminergic cells, it also can attenuate the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, decrease in the Bax Bcl-2 ratio and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase proteolysis.

1. Berberine (Umbellatine) is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. 2. Berberine may as a broad-spectrum anti-microbial medicine, a complementary therapeutic agent for HIV AIDS. 3. Berberine seems to act as an herbal antidepressant and a neuroprotector against neurodegenerative disorders. 4. Berberine is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a colour index of 7516. 5. Berberine reduces hepatic fat content in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also prevents proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are central for the development of fibrosis during liver injury. 6. Berberine can ameliorate proinflammatory cytokines-induced intestinal epithelial tight junction damage in vitro, and berberine may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states. 7. Berberine has antineoplastic effects, including breast cancer, leukemia, melanoma, epidermoid carcinoma, hepatoma, pancreatic cancer, oral carcinoma, tongue carcinoma, glioblastoma, prostate carcinoma and gastric carcinoma, etc.

Cinnamyl acetate (3-Phenylallyl acetate) is a naturally occuring compound used as a flavouring agent.

Isoborneol (DL-Isoborneol) is a monoterpene alcohol, with neuroprotective and antiviral activities

(-)-β-pinene (Nopinene) is inhibit infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with an IC50 of 1.32 mM,with antimicrobial activity

DL-Valine (H-DL-Val-OH) is 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.It is synthesized in plants via several steps starting from pyruvic acid.

p-Coumaric acid (para-Coumaric Acid) is the abundant isomer of cinnamic acid, with antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities.

Methyl 3-phenylpropanoate (3-Phenylpropionic acid methyl ester) is a huamn endogenous metabolite.

Uracil is a common naturally occurring pyrimidine found in RNA, it base pairs with adenine and is replaced by thymine in DNA. Methylation of uracil produces thymine. Uracil's use in the body is to help carry out the synthesis of many enzymes necessary for cell function through bonding with riboses and phosphates. Uracil serves as allosteric regulator and coenzyme for many important biochemical reactions.

Adenosine (D-Adenosine) is a natural product, a ribonucleoside consisting of adenine bound to ribose. Adenosine has vasodilatory, antiarrhythmic and analgesic effects.

Glycyrrhizic acid (Glycyrrhizin) is a triterpenoid saponinl with anti-tumor and anti-diabetic activities.

Urea (Carbonyldiamide) is formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end metabolite of protein catabolism and accounts for about one-half of the total urinary solids.

Ethyl palmate (palmitic acid ethyl ester) is a type of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE). After human subjects consumed alcohol, its synthesis was higher than other FAEEs. It can be used as a hair and skin conditioner.

2-Hydroxycinnamic acid is a natural product isolated from Angraecum fragrans, has photooxidant activity.

Betulin (betulinol) (lup-20(29)-ene-3β, 28-diol) is an abundant, naturally occurring triterpene. It is commonly isolated from the bark of birch trees where it forms up to 30% of the dry weight of the extractive and is found in birch sap as well.

1. 2-Methoxycinnamic acid (o-Methoxycinnamic acid) can enhance inhibition of tyrosinase activity.

Sabinene is a natural product that has antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties

1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione (Acetyl benzoyl) is a eukaryotic metabolite produced in plant metabolic reactions.

1. p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (p-Oxybenzaldehyde) shows an inhibitory effect on the GABA transaminase to contribute to an antiepileptic and anticonvulsive activity, and its inhibitory activity was higher than that of valproic acid, a known anticonvulsant.

Liquiritin (Liquiritigenin-4'-O-glucoside) (LIQ) is a main component among the licorice flavonoids, and possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer abilities.