α-ketoglutarate

Ornithine-α-ketoglutarate (L-Ornithine-α-ketoglutarate) is a salt formed of 2 molecules of ornithine and 1 alpha-ketoglutarate. Ornithine-α-ketoglutarate improves nutritional status in chronically malnourished (e.g., elderly) and acutely malnourished patients (especially burn and trau

In addition to its role in the Krebs cycle, α-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate) has roles as a substrate or modulator of enzymes. 5-Octyl-α-ketoglutarate, also known as α-ketoglutarate octyl ester, is a stable, cell-permeable molecule that generates free α-ketoglutarate upon hydrolysis of the ester bond by cytoplasmic esterases. It is used in experiments to increase levels of intracellular α-ketoglutarate. 5-Octyl-α-ketoglutarate has been shown to modulate a variety of enzymes and signaling pathways, particularly in the context of glycolysis, hypoxia, and cancer.

L-Arginine α-ketoglutarate, often abbreviated as AAKG, is a dietary supplement that combines L-Arginine and α-ketoglutarate, a critical intermediate in the Krebs cycle. L-Arginine is a precursor to nitric oxide, which helps regulate blood flow and promotes vasodilation, while α-ketoglutarate is involved in energy production and protein synthesis. Together, these compounds are believed to support improved muscle recovery, increased endurance, and enhanced athletic performance.

α-Hydroxyglutaric Acid Lithium, converted from glutamate in microorganisms and animals, is an inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase and 5-methylcytosine hydroxylase, and has an inhibitory effect on ATP synthase and mTOR signaling.

α-Lipoic Acid (DL-α-Lipoic acid) an octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.

TUN-92046 (Dimethyl 2-oxoglutarate) is a membrane-permeable alpha-ketoglutarate analogue that inhibits maladaptive autophagy in pressure overloading induced cardiomyopathy.

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium [Disodium (R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate] is a competitive inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases with a Ki of 0.628 mM.

Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt is an inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHC).

Succinyl phosphonate is a selective α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDHC ) and OGDHC inhibitor that inhibits α-ketoglutarate oxidative decarboxylation. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt inhibits glutamate-induced ROS generation in glutamate-stimulated hippocampal neurons and can be used to study neurodegenerative diseases.

DMOG (Dimethyloxalylglycine), an antagonist of the α-ketoglutarate cofactor, is an inhibitor for HIF prolyl hydroxylase.

N-Oxalylglycine (Oxalylglycine) is a cell permeable inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent enzymes.

DL-alpha-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium salt is an alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) antagonist that inhibits a variety of α-KG-dependent dioxygenases.

Histidine oxoglurate is a bioactive chemical.

Devimistat (6,8-Bis(benzylthio)octanoic acid) , a lipoate analog, inhibits mitochondrial enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, disrupts tumor cell mitochondrial metabolism. It has potential chemopreventive and antineoplastic activities, and has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Lymphoma, Solid Tumors, Advanced Cancer, and Pancreatic Cancer, among others.

Aminogenistein inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of p56lck.

Glutamate dehydrogenase NAD(P) (GLDH), a mitochondrial enzyme found in hepatocytes, renal tissue, brain, muscle, and intestinal cells, catalyzes the reversible oxidative deamination of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), playing a critical role in the urea cycle [1], and is frequently utilized in biochemical research.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), a critical enzyme in the citric acid or tricarboxylic acid cycle, facilitates the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate while reducing NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H, thus playing pivotal roles in cellular metabolism [1].

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is a transaminase enzyme, is often used in biochemical studies. Aspartate aminotransferase catalyzes aspartate and alpha-ketoglutarate converts to oxaloacetate and glutamate. Aspartate aminotransferase can be found in cerebrospinal fluid, exudates, and transudates [1] .

Saccharopine hydrochloride (L-Saccharopine hydrochloride), an intermediate in lysine degradation and a mitochondrial toxin, is produced through the conversion of lysine and α-ketoglutarate by lysine-ketoglutarate reductase. This compound is subsequently oxidized to α-aminoapidate semialdehyde and glutamate by saccharopine dehydrogenase, impairing development by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis [1] [2] [3].

ONC213, an αKGDH inhibitor, functions by hindering αKGDH activity, thus suppressing mitochondrial respiration and elevating α-ketoglutarate levels, ultimately inducing apoptosis (Apoptosis) in AML cells. It is utilized in the study of acute myeloid leukemia.

Alpha-calcium ketoglutarate monohydrate is the calcium salt form of Alpha-ketoglutarate, which is involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle in organisms.

p2Ca acetate is a naturally processed peptide that derives from a ubiquitous enzyme, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and is recognized in association with the class I MHC protein, Ld, by a CTL clone (2C).