serotonergic

Mirtazapine (6-Azamianserin) is a tetracyclic antidepressant with a somewhat unique mechanism of action. Mirtazapine therapy can be associated with transient asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and has been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.

Viloxazine (Viloxazin) (Viloxazin) is a dual-action compound that functions as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and exhibits potent agonistic activity towards 5-HT 2C receptors while acting as an antagonist for 5-HT 2B receptors, with respective potency values of EC 50 = 32 μM and IC 50 = 27 μM. Its primary mechanism of action involves the modulation of serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways. Viloxazine is commonly employed in depression research [1] [2].

Laprafylline is a xanthine compound with inhibitory effects on bronchoconstriction in vivo and antitumor activity.Laprafylline acts as a competitive serotonergic antagonist at low concentrations, and inhibits constriction induced by hist at high difficulties.

Vilazodone (SB659746A) is a selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and a 5-HT-1A receptor partial agonist, with antidepressant and anti-anxiety activities. Vilazodone inhibits the reuptake of serotonin from the synaptic cleft while stimulating the release of 5-HT into the synaptic cleft. This increases the concentration of 5-HT in the synaptic cleft and potentiates serotonergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system.

Citalopram hydrobromide (XU-62-320) , a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), selectively inhibits the CNS neuronal reuptake of serotonin, thereby potentiating serotonergic activity in the central nervous system (CNS). Citalopram hydrobromide is the orally bioavailable hydrobromide salt of the racemic bicyclic phthalene derivative citalopram with antidepressant activity. This agent has minimal effects on the CNS neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA).

Vortioxetine (Lu AA 21004) is a serotonergic antidepressant used for major depression disorders. Vortioxetine has been associated with a low rate of minor serum aminotransferase elevations during treatment.

Flibanserin (Girosa) is a serotonergic antidepressant used to treat hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Flibanserin has been associated with a low rate of minor serum aminotransferase elevations during treatment but has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.

1. Carvacrol (O-Thymol) presents anxiolytic effects. 2. 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol presents antinociceptive activity. 3. Carvacrol presents antidepressant effects, seems to be dependent on its interaction with the dopaminergic system, but not with the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems.

MPP+ iodide, the metabolite of a neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ induces dopamine transporter (DAT) externalization in dopaminergic (DA) neurons, but internalization of serotonin transporter (SERT) in serotonergic (5-HT) neurons. MPP+ induces autophagic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells.

1-(1-Naphthyl) piperazine hydrochloride (1-naphthalen-1-ylpiperazine hydrochloride) is a serotonergic ligand which could bind nonselectively with multiple serotonin (5-HT) receptors.

4i (CHEMBL1269981) is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist,It modulates the serotonergic system.

Arotinolol is a nonselective α β-adrenergic receptor blocker and a vasodilating β-blocker. Arotinolol also shows potency for inhibiting the binding of the radioligand [125I-ICYP] to [5HT1B-serotonergic] receptor sites. It is an antihypertensive agent.

(Z)-Thiothixene (Thiothixene) is an antagonist of serotonergic receptor.

Citalopram (Lu 10-171 is an orally active, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor, and a racemic mixture of the S(+)-enantiomer (Escitalopram) and the R(-)-enantiomer.Citalopram exhibits antidepressant activity and enhances serotonergic neurotransmission. It can be used to study Alzheimer's disease.

Buspirone (Buspirone free base) is an azaspiro compound which has a role as an anxiolytic drug, a sedative, a serotonergic agonist and an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor.

α-Guanidinoglutaric Acid is found in cobalt-induced epileptogenic focus tissue in the cerebral cortex of cats. α-Guanidinoglutaric Acid-induced seizures are associated with abnormal serotonergic function and that they are initiated by a decrease in the 5-HT level.

Loxapine is a D2DR and D4DR inhibitor, serotonergic receptor antagonist and also a dibenzoxazepine anti-psychotic agent,used primarily in the treatment of schizophrenia. The drug is a member of the dibenzoxazepine class and structurally related to clozapine (which belongs to the chemically akin class of dibenzodiazepines).

dopamine D4 and serotonergic 5-HT2A receptor antagonist

Clothiapine (HF 2159) is an atypical antipsychotic agent with potent anti 5-hydroxytryptaminergic and serotonergic activity, which has been used in the study of schizophrenia.

Medifoxamine fumarate, an atypical antidepressant, has additional anxiolytic properties acting by dopaminergic and serotonergic mechanisms.

Ensaculin is a NMDA antagonist and a 5HT1A agonist potentially for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ensaculin showed memory-enhancing effects in paradigms of passive and conditioned avoidance in both normal and artificially amnesic rodents. It e

Flerobuterol is a β adrenergic receptor agonist potentially for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Flerobuterol enhances serotonergic neurotransmission. Flerobuterol acutely increases 5-HT synthesis, in part, through an elevation of brain Trp ava

MGS-0039 is a group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mgluR2/3) antagonist. Antidepressant-like action of group II mGlu receptor antagonists does not depend on serotonergic system activation. However, the AMPA receptor seems to play a key role in the an

Kaempferitrin (Lespenephryl) has antidepressant-like effect related to the serotonergic system, principally 5-HT1A. Kaempferitrin exerts cytotoxic and antitumor effects against HeLa cells. Kaempferitrin stimulates glucose-metabolizing enzymes, promotes glucose homeostasis. Kaempferitrin exerts immunostimulatory effects on immune responses mediated by splenocytes, macrophages, PBMC and NK cells. Kaempferitrin induces cytotoxic effects to include: cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway in a caspase-dependent pathway.