neuroprotective properties

Orphenadrine hydrochloride (Mephenamin) is a muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.

Rutin (Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), a flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties.

TV 3279 is a novel ChE-MAI inhibitor , and the neuroprotective properties depend on their ability to induce the anti-apoptotic proteins PKC, Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and SOD, and to block the nuclear translocation of the pro-apoptotic enzyme glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase in PC-12 and neuroblastoma cells.

Ranirestat (AS-3201) is an orally active and potent aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor with neuroprotective properties that ameliorates peripheral nerve dysfunction in rats with advanced diabetic polyneuropathy.Ranirestat inhibits the inflammatory response of high glucose-exposed endothelial cells and may be useful for the study of diabetic sensory-motor polyneuropathy.

JNK3 Inhibitor-4, a potent 2-aryl-1-pyrimidinyl-1H-imidazole-5-yl acetonitrile derivative, demonstrates a strong inhibitory effect on JNK3 with an IC 50 value of 1.0 nM. It exhibits exceptional selectivity against JNK3 when compared to other protein kinases, including isoforms JNK1 (IC 50 = 143.9 nM) and JNK2 (IC 50 = 298.2 nM). Additionally, JNK3 Inhibitor-4 benefits from neuroprotective properties and is predicted to permeate the blood-brain barrier effectively.

3-Acetylcoumarin as a practical ligand for copper-catalyzed CN coupling reactions at room temperature. It has neuroprotective and acaricidal properties.

Asiatic acid (Dammarolic acid) is the aglycone of asiaticoside used in wound healing with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.

Notoginsenoside R1 (Sanchinoside R1) has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulatory properties.

Inosine (NSC-20262) is a purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It has immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and analgesic properties.

S-Methyl-L-cysteine (S-Methylcysteine) is a natural product serving as a substrate in the methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) catalyzed antioxidant system, exhibiting neuroprotective, antioxidative, and anti-obesity properties.

Neohesperidin (NSC-31048) with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Unlike other citrus flavanones, it does not inhibit oral carcinogenesis in a rat model.

Syringic acid (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy Benzoic Acid) (SYRA) is a potential antioxidant used in traditional Chinese medicine and is an emerging nutraceutical. It has potential anti-angiogenic, anti-glycating, anti-hyperglycaemic, neuroprotective, and memory-enhancing properties.

Astragalin (Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside) is a biologically active natural flavonoid. It has a variety of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective properties.

Isolongifolene ((-)-Isolongifolene), a tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from Murraya koenigii, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. It mitigates Rotenone-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis by modulating the PI3K AKT GSK-3β signaling pathways.

4-PPBP maleate is a potent σ1 receptor (ligand) agonist and a selective, non-competitive NR1a 2B NMDA receptor antagonist in the context of Xenopus oocytes expression, with neuroprotective properties.

PF-9601N showed high potency and selectivity as a MAO-BI (monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor) and also demonstrated remarkable neuroprotective properties in several in vivo and cellular models of PD.

Cortistatin 14, human, rat acetate is a neuropeptide having structural similarity to somatostatin-14 and shows anticonvulsive, neuroprotective effects and remarkable anti-inflammatory properties. Cortistatin 14, human, rat acetate binds and exerts its fun

RS 67333 hydrochloride (RO5203648) is a potent, selective partial agonist of the 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R) with a pKi value of 8.7 in guinea-pig striatum. It demonstrates lower binding affinities for other receptors, including 5-HT1A, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, dopamine D1 and D2, and muscarinic M1-M3 receptors. Notably, RS 67333 hydrochloride exhibits neuroprotective properties, rendering it useful in Alzheimer's disease research.

ThioLox is a competitive 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 12 μM, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, including strong protection against glutamate toxicity.

Dihydroergostin is a ergot alkaloid that exhibits potential neuroprotective properties.

eeAChE eqBuChE-IN-1 (compound 3F) serves as a reversible dual inhibitor of eeAChE eqBuChE, exhibiting IC50 values of 1.3 μM and 0.81 μM, respectively. In addition, this compound demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties and provides neuroprotective effects against Aβ25-35-induced injury in PC12 cells [1].

Hyperidione D is an effective antidepressant with neuroprotective properties.

iNOs-IN-5 (Compound BN-4) is an inhibitor of iNOS with an IC50 value of 0.1707 μM, effectively reducing NO expression in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS (HT-D1056). It further diminishes the expression of ROS and lactate dehydrogenase induced by hypoxic injury, displaying anti-necrotic and anti-apoptotic properties. In an SD rat model, iNOs-IN-5 exhibits neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia and is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier.

(S)-Trolox, an analogue of vitamin E, substitutes the phytyl chain with a carboxyl group. This compound serves as a model substance in structural studies and as a standard for assessing antioxidant activity. Moreover, (S)-Trolox exhibits potent and specific neuroprotective and antioxidant properties.