neuroprotective properties

Orphenadrine hydrochloride (Mephenamin) is a muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.

Rutin (Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), a flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties.

Ranirestat (AS-3201) is an orally active and potent aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor with neuroprotective properties that ameliorates peripheral nerve dysfunction in rats with advanced diabetic polyneuropathy.Ranirestat inhibits the inflammatory response of high glucose-exposed endothelial cells and may be useful for the study of diabetic sensory-motor polyneuropathy.

JNK3 Inhibitor-4, a potent 2-aryl-1-pyrimidinyl-1H-imidazole-5-yl acetonitrile derivative, demonstrates a strong inhibitory effect on JNK3 with an IC 50 value of 1.0 nM. It exhibits exceptional selectivity against JNK3 when compared to other protein kinases, including isoforms JNK1 (IC 50 = 143.9 nM) and JNK2 (IC 50 = 298.2 nM). Additionally, JNK3 Inhibitor-4 benefits from neuroprotective properties and is predicted to permeate the blood-brain barrier effectively.

TV 3279 is a novel ChE-MAI inhibitor , and the neuroprotective properties depend on their ability to induce the anti-apoptotic proteins PKC, Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and SOD, and to block the nuclear translocation of the pro-apoptotic enzyme glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase in PC-12 and neuroblastoma cells.

3-Acetylcoumarin as a practical ligand for copper-catalyzed CN coupling reactions at room temperature. It has neuroprotective and acaricidal properties.

Inosine (NSC-20262), an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by the catabolism of adenosine, is an agonist of adenosine receptors A1R and A2AR. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive and neuroprotective effects.

Neohesperidin (NSC-31048) with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Unlike other citrus flavanones, it does not inhibit oral carcinogenesis in a rat model.

Asiatic acid (Dammarolic acid) is the aglycone of asiaticoside used in wound healing with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.

Syringic acid (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy Benzoic Acid) (SYRA) is a potential antioxidant used in traditional Chinese medicine and is an emerging nutraceutical. It has potential anti-angiogenic, anti-glycating, anti-hyperglycaemic, neuroprotective, and memory-enhancing properties.

Notoginsenoside R1 (Sanchinoside R1) has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulatory properties.

S-Methyl-L-cysteine (S-Methylcysteine) is a natural product serving as a substrate in the methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) catalyzed antioxidant system, exhibiting neuroprotective, antioxidative, and anti-obesity properties.

Astragalin (Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside) is a biologically active natural flavonoid. It has a variety of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective properties.

4-PPBP maleate is a potent σ1 receptor (ligand) agonist and a selective, non-competitive NR1a 2B NMDA receptor antagonist in the context of Xenopus oocytes expression, with neuroprotective properties.

4-O-Methyl honokiol (4-O-Methylhonokiol) is a lignan-like compound obtained from Magnolia officinalis and Magnolia officinalis. It is a PPARγ agonist with antiangiogenic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, and it can inhibit the activity of NF-κB, which can be used in cancer research.

Isolongifolene ((-)-Isolongifolene), a tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from Murraya koenigii, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. It mitigates Rotenone-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis by modulating the PI3K AKT GSK-3β signaling pathways.

(S)-Trolox, an analogue of vitamin E, substitutes the phytyl chain with a carboxyl group. This compound serves as a model substance in structural studies and as a standard for assessing antioxidant activity. Moreover, (S)-Trolox exhibits potent and specific neuroprotective and antioxidant properties.

ILS-920 is a Rapamycin analog characterized by diminished immunosuppressive effects but remarkable neuroprotective properties. It exhibits selective binding affinity towards the immunophilin FKBP52 as well as the β1-subunit of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC). ILS-920 displays a notable 200-fold preference for FKBP52 over FKBP12.

BAY 38-7271 has strong neuroprotective properties.[1] BAY 38-7271 is selective and highly potent and cannabinoid CB1 CB2 receptor agonist. With Kis of 1.85 nM and 5.96 nM for recombinant human CB1 receptor and CB2 receptor, respectively.

MAO-A SERT-IN-1 acts as an inhibitor for both MAO-A and the serotonin transporter (SERT). It decreases the SERT-mediated reuptake of 5-HT and demonstrates neuroprotective properties in cellular inhibition models. Additionally, this compound has shown to alleviate depressive behaviors in both zebrafish and mice.

D-687 is an inhibitor of Tau and Aβ. It effectively reverses the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ1–42 in SH-SY5Y cells, demonstrating significant neuroprotective properties.

iNOs-IN-5 (Compound BN-4) is an inhibitor of iNOS with an IC50 value of 0.1707 μM, effectively reducing NO expression in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS (HT-D1056). It further diminishes the expression of ROS and lactate dehydrogenase induced by hypoxic injury, displaying anti-necrotic and anti-apoptotic properties. In an SD rat model, iNOs-IN-5 exhibits neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia and is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier.

Neuroprotective agent 5 (compound 28) acts as a brain-penetrating agent with anti-neuroinflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. It exhibits potent inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) with an EC50 of 0.49 μM and suppresses the release of pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and TNF-α. Additionally, it downregulates the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins, facilitating the polarization of BV-2 cells from a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Neuroprotective agent 5 also dose-dependently inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and the aggregation of Aβ42. This compound is useful for research into Alzheimer's disease.

BuChE-IN-15, a chemical compound, exhibits potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 81 nM and 400 nM, respectively. It also demonstrates good blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroprotective properties, making it suitable for research in Alzheimer's disease.