larvae

piperitone is a natural compound from Piper nigrum L

Cyromazine (CGA-72662) is an ectoparasiticide. Insect growth regulator. Specific activity against dipterous larvae. Cyromazine is a fda approved for use in livestock.

(E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon found in Phlomis aurea Decne, serving as the primary component of many aphid alarm pheromones that disrupt feeding. It also impairs the development and survival of Chilo suppressalis larvae by disrupting their hormone balance.

ALPHA-PINENE ((-)-Alpha-Pinene) is a bicyclic monoterpene found in pine trees and other plants, including Cannabis with diverse biological activities [1]. It reduces the growth of a panel of seven Gram-positive bacteria, seven Gram-negative bacteria, and eight yeast strains with MIC values of 0.75-1.29, 1.05-1.59, and 0.7-1.17%, respectively [2]. It has insecticidal activity against C. molestus larvae with LC50 values ranging from 47 to 49 mg L.3 ALPHA-PINENE (100 μg ml) induces apoptosis, increases anion superoxide production and DNA fragmentation, and activates caspase-3 in B16 F10 melanoma cells [4]. In a B16 F10 mouse xenograft model, ALPHA-PINENE(100 ml of a 10 mg ml solution) reduces the number of metastatic lung nodules by approximately 7-fold. ALPHA-PINENE(8.6 mg L, aerosol) also increases the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze by approximately 2-fold in mice, indicating anxiolytic-like activity [5].

Albaspidin AA exhibits strong antibacterial activity against the vegetative form of P. larvae (MIC: 0.168-220 uM) and may possess in vitro nematocidal activity against L4 stage larvae.

(+)-δ-Cadinene is a sesquiterpene from G. hirsutum with antibacterial, insecticidal, anticancer and antiproliferative activities. It showed a MIC value of 31.25 μg ml against S. pneumoniae and LC50s values of 8.23, 9. 2 and 3 against third instar larvae of A. stephensi, A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatust, respectively.(+)-δ-Cadinene (10, 50 and 100 μM) induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth of OVCAR-3 human ovarian cancer cells apoptosis and inhibited their proliferation.

Aspergillimide is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. japonicus.1 It reduces nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) peak and slowly-desensitizing amplitudes induced by acetylcholine in silkworm (B. mori) larval neurons (IC50s = 20.2 and 39.6 nM, respectively) but has no effect on chicken α3β4-, α4β2-, and α7-containing nAChRs.2 Dietary administration of aspergillimide A (10 μg/g of diet) induces paralysis in silkworm fourth instar larvae.1 Aspergillimide A (10 and 20 mg/kg) reduces T. colubriformis fecal egg count in gerbils.3References1. Hayashi, H., Nishimoto, Y., Akiyama, K., et al. New paralytic alkaloids, asperparalines A, B and C, from Aspergillus japonicus JV-23. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 64(1), 111-115 (2000).2. Hirata, K., Kataoka, S., Furutani, S., et al. A fungal metabolite asperparaline a strongly and selectively blocks insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: The first report on the mode of action. PLoS One 6(4), e18354 (2011).3. Banks, R.M., Blanchflower, S.E., Everett, J.R., et al. Novel anthelmintic metabolites from an Aspergillus species; the aspergillimides. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 50(10), 840-846 (1997). Aspergillimide is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. japonicus.1 It reduces nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) peak and slowly-desensitizing amplitudes induced by acetylcholine in silkworm (B. mori) larval neurons (IC50s = 20.2 and 39.6 nM, respectively) but has no effect on chicken α3β4-, α4β2-, and α7-containing nAChRs.2 Dietary administration of aspergillimide A (10 μg/g of diet) induces paralysis in silkworm fourth instar larvae.1 Aspergillimide A (10 and 20 mg/kg) reduces T. colubriformis fecal egg count in gerbils.3 References1. Hayashi, H., Nishimoto, Y., Akiyama, K., et al. New paralytic alkaloids, asperparalines A, B and C, from Aspergillus japonicus JV-23. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 64(1), 111-115 (2000).2. Hirata, K., Kataoka, S., Furutani, S., et al. A fungal metabolite asperparaline a strongly and selectively blocks insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: The first report on the mode of action. PLoS One 6(4), e18354 (2011).3. Banks, R.M., Blanchflower, S.E., Everett, J.R., et al. Novel anthelmintic metabolites from an Aspergillus species; the aspergillimides. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 50(10), 840-846 (1997).

Antibiotic PF 1052 is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from Phoma.1,2 It is active against S. aureus, S. parvulus, and C. perfringens (MICs = 3.13, 0.78, and 0.39 μg/ml, respectively), among others.1 It inhibits neutrophil migration in a wound assay using zebrafish larvae expressing GFP-labeled neutrophils, reducing pseudopodia formation and inducing rounding of neutrophils.2 Antibiotic PF 1052 is selective for neutrophil migration over macrophage migration in zebrafish larvae. It also inhibits the migration of murine neutrophils when used at concentrations of 10 and 20 μM.References Antibiotic PF 1052 is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from Phoma.1,2 It is active against S. aureus, S. parvulus, and C. perfringens (MICs = 3.13, 0.78, and 0.39 μg/ml, respectively), among others.1 It inhibits neutrophil migration in a wound assay using zebrafish larvae expressing GFP-labeled neutrophils, reducing pseudopodia formation and inducing rounding of neutrophils.2 Antibiotic PF 1052 is selective for neutrophil migration over macrophage migration in zebrafish larvae. It also inhibits the migration of murine neutrophils when used at concentrations of 10 and 20 μM. References

Ascr#7, an ascaroside-based hormonal compound, plays a significant role in nematode physiology. It is specifically expressed throughout the various stages of nematode development. Notably, ascarosides exhibit the capability to initiate the formation of dauer larvae, which are characterized by their long lifespan and exceptional stress resistance.

Bisabolone oxide A is a terpenoid isolated from Matricaria chamomilla L. It reduces neuronal excitability.Bisabolone oxide A inhibits α glucokinase and has been shown to inhibit α glucokinase in Helicoverpa armigera, Aedes vittatus, and Anopheles subpictus larvae and showed biotoxicity in Helicoverpa armigera, Aedes vittatus and Anopheles subpictus larvae experiments.

Chasmanine, hypaconitine, and deoxyaconitine are anti-inflammatory pharmacodynamic components in Heishunpian (HSP) with positive relations with HSP efficacy. Chasmanine has insecticidal activities against larvae of Bradysia odoriphaga Yan et Zhang.

Aeschna defensin is an antimicrobial peptide sourced from the hemolymph of aquatic dragonfly larvae, exhibiting potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria [1].

Leocarpinolide F, a sesquiterpenoid naturally derived from Siegesbeckia orientalis [1], exhibits an ability to inhibit (anti-feedant) and demonstrates significant insecticidal activity (toxicity) against plant herbivore pests such as Spodoptera littoralis larvae.

Gluconasturtiin acts as a feeding stimulant for P. maculipennis larvae, however, at elevated concentrations, it becomes toxic [1].

Ganodermacetal, a highly oxidized lanostane triterpene isolated from G. amboinense, exhibits significant toxicity to brine shrimp larvae [1].

Ermanin, a flavonoid isolated from Tanacetum microphyllum, inhibits platelet aggregation and exhibits anti-tuberculosis, anti-viral bacterial, and potential anti-HIV-1 activities. It has anti-inflammatory properties through the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression and is effective at lower concentrations in inhibiting Dione juno larvae.

Neocnidilide is an alkyl phthalate derived from Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong with the ability to inhibit the growth of mycotoxin-producing fungi and to kill insects.The LC50 value of Neocnidilide against D. melanogaster larvae was 9.9 μmol mL.It enhances the skin penetration of benzoic acid.The LC50 value of Neocnidilide against D. melanogaster larvae was 9.9 μmol mL.It enhances the skin penetration of benzoic acid.

Wilfordine is an insecticidally active alkaloid, Na+-K+-ATPase may be an acting target of wilfordine against some larvae of insect.

5,6,7-Trimethoxycoumarin shows moderate inhibitory activity against Micrococcus luteus, it also displays an intermediate cytotoxic effects against brine shrimp larvae. 5,6,7-Trimethoxycoumarin can improve gastroprotective effects, and it has low toxicity

Burchellin has larvicidal activity, it can interfer with the development cycle of the mosquito, where its strongest toxic effect is 100% mortality in larvae (L3) at concentrations ‰¥ 30 ppm. Burchellin and licarin A have activity against Trypanosoma cruzi

Cinnzeylanol and Cinnzeylanine can kill larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. at a dose of 16 ppm and inhibit larval ecdysis at 2~4 ppm.

Eupatoriochromene retard seed germination , reduced radicle and hypocotyl growth of weed and crop plant seedlings and increased adventitious root formation of mung bean cuttings. Eupatoriochromene has insecticidal activity, it exhibits toxicity againstCul

Fumitremorgen B is a mycotoxin, it exhibits a certain degree of genotoxicity, it can cause DNA damage in human lymphocytes; it shows an inhibitory activity on the cell cycle progression of mouse tsFT210 cells in the M phase, with the MIC value of 26.1 mic

N-Methylflindersine (2,2,6-Trimethyl-2H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinolin-5-one) shows strong toxicity towards brine shrimp larvae, with an LD(50) value of 1.39 microg ml. It also exhibits potent inhibition against N -formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine-induced superoxide production with IC(50) values less than 12 microM.