l. major

PK 11195 (RP 52028) is a TSPO ligand for neuroimaging that exhibits significant protection against CoCl2-induced alterations and can be used to study leishmaniasis.

K777 is a potent, orally active, and irreversible inhibitor of cysteine protease, functioning as a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor (IC50 = 60 nM) and a selective CCR4 antagonist, which inhibits chemotaxis. K777 irreversibly inhibits Cruzain, the major cysteine protease of Trypanosoma cruzi, and cathepsins B and L, targeting cathepsin-mediated cell entry and exhibiting broad-spectrum antiviral activity. It inhibits EBOV and SARS-CoV pseudovirus entry with IC50 values of 0.87 nM and 0.68 nM, respectively.

L-Thyroxine (NSC 36397) is the major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. L-Thyroxine (NSC 36397) is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. L-Thyroxine (NSC 36397) is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. L-Thyroxine (NSC 36397) is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.

Glutathione oxidized (L(-) -glutathione) is the oxidized form of Glutathione, which is a major antioxidant and antidote in cells. Glutathione oxidized can be used to study sickle cells and red blood cells.

Vincamine (Perval) is a major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders.

L-Thyroxine sodium (LT4 sodium), the major hormone derived from the thyroid gland, is the agonist of Thyroid hormone receptor alpha and beta.

3-Nitro-L-tyrosine (3-Nitrotyrosine) is the major product from the spontaneous reaction of peroxynitrite with tyrosine. Formation of nitrotyrosine can indicate the formation of peroxynitrite by a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent oxidative damage.

N-acetyl-L-methionine is nutritionally and metabolically equivalent to L-methionine. Methionine is a dietary indispensable amino acid required for normal growth and development of humans, other mammals, and avian species. In addition to being a substrate

Harmalol hydrochloride (Harmidol hydrochloride) is a β-carboline alkaloid that can be extracted from the seeds of Peganum harmala L. Harmalol hydrochloride is the major metabolite of Harmaline and significantly inhibits dioxin-mediated induction of CYP1A1 at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. Harmalol hydrochloride showed vasorelaxant activity in isolated rat thoracic aortic preparations preconstricted with phenylephrine or KCl. Harmalol hydrochloride has antioxidant activity.

SID 26681509 is a selective, reversible and competitive human cathepsin L inhibitor (IC50 of 56 nM).

Methyl β-D-glucopyranoside (Methyl β-D-glucoside) is the major compound in the leaf blade of the alpine herb Geum montanum L. It biotransforms glucosides from Pichia etchellsii to higher chain alkyl glucosides via cell-bound β-glucosidase.

NEU-1017 serves as a broad-spectrum antiparasitic compound, effectively inhibiting T. brucei, L. major, and P. falciparum with EC50 values of 210 nM, 240 nM, and 3 nM, respectively.

Antitoxoplasmal agent-1 (Compound 4) is an antiparasitic agent with significant activity and selectivity against T. gondii, exhibiting an IC50 of 3.1 μM. It also demonstrates activity against L. major promastigotes with an EC50 of 23.3 μM. This compound is applicable for research into parasitic diseases.

DNDI-0690 is a potent and orally active analogue of DNDI-VL-2098, demonstrating significant efficacy against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). It exhibits notable in vitro activity against Leishmania parasites responsible for CL, with an EC50 of 0.17 μM for visceral leishmaniasis and an EC50 of less than 5 μM for the causative parasites of CL. Additionally, DNDI-0690 is effective in a L. major CL mouse model and is applicable for research in CL.

L-NIL HCl is a relatively selective iNOS inhibitor (IC50s: 0.4-3.3, 8-38, and 17-92 µM for iNOS, eNOS, and nNOS). L-NIL effectively inhibits iNOS both in vitro and in vivo. L-NIL has been used to demonstrate a critical role for iNOS in the immune response

NEU-1045 is a T. brucei proliferation inhibitor, and is a promising lead with cross-pathogen activity. NEU-1045 inhibited T. brucei, T. cruzi, and L. major proliferation with good potency (T. brucei EC50 = 0.37 μM; T. cruzi EC50 = 2.8 μM; L. major EC50 =

γ-Glutamylvaline acts as an activator of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and possesses anti-inflammatory biological activity. It inhibits TNF-α-mediated proinflammatory cytokine synthesis and upregulates Wnt5a expression. By activating the CaSR signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes, it improves the chronic low-grade inflammatory state.

L 692199 is a major metabolite of L-691,121.

Phosphatidylcholines (PC) are a class of phospholipids that incorporate choline as a headgroup. They are a major component of biological membranes and can be easily obtained from a variety of readily available sources, such as egg yolk or soybeans, from w

(E)-Guggulsterone is an isomer of guggulsterone. As an FXR antagonist, it reduces blood lipids, induces heme oxygenase-1 expression, blocks DENV NS2B/3B activity, and inhibits DENV replication.

N-Acetyl-L-histidine monohydrate (NAH) is a histidine derivative and a prominent biomolecule found in the brain, retina, and lens of poikilothermic (cold-blooded) vertebrates. It functions as an essential animal metabolite and serves as a major osmolyte in the brain and ocular tissues of teleost fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Unlike poikilotherms, homeothermic (endothermic) vertebrates exhibit significantly lower levels of NAH in the brain and other tissues, highlighting its unique phylogenetic distribution and specialized physiological role in evolutionary biology and vertebrate homeostasis.

Bavachalcone, a major bioactive compound isolated from *Psoralea corylifolia* L., may serve as a therapeutic drug for bone resorption-associated diseases. It protects endothelial function by increasing AMPK activity and MnSOD expression while reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress.

Solamargine (δ-Solanigrine) is a major steroidal alkaloid glycoside extracted from a traditional Chinese medicine herb, Solanum nigrum L. (SNL); has been shown to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of various cancer cells.

MDNI-glu is a photosensitive derivative of L-glutamate, a major excitatory amino acid, that is biologically inert. It demonstrates improved utilization of incident light.