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Piracetam (UCB-6215), a cyclic derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is used in therapy of the extensive cognitive disorders.

Orphenadrine hydrochloride (Mephenamin) is a muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.

Memantine hydrochloride (Memantine HCl) is an AMANTADINE derivative that has some dopaminergic effects. Memantine hydrochloride has been proposed as an antiparkinson agent.

1-Aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid (ACBC) is a NMDA receptor partial agonist. 1-Aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid act at the glycine site, NR1[1].

L-Glutamic acid (Glutaminol) acts as an excitatory transmitter, shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

1. Linalool (Linalol), a natural compound of the essential oils, has been shown to have antinociceptive, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. 2. Linalool was protected against LPS GalN-induced liver injury through induction of antioxidant defense via Nrf2 activating and reduction inflammatory response via NF-κB inhibition. 3. Linalool biosynthesis and accumulation might be involved in plant defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens and be associated with field resistance to citrus canker. 4. Linalool significantly increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes regulated by Nrf-2 and diminished lung tissue levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6.

L-Phenylalanine (3-Phenyl-L-alanine) is an essential amino acid and the precursor of the amino acid tyrosine, acts as an antagonist at α2δ calcium channels.

Decanoic Acid (Caprynic acid) acts as a non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist.

N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid is an amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA (N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid) receptor subtype of glutamate receptors.

L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt (MSG) (Monosodium glutamate) is an activator of mGlu1 receptor.

D-Serine ((R)-Serine), an endogenous amino acid, is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor.

glycine (2-Aminoacetic acid) is a non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.

MK-801 (Dizocilpine (MK-801)) is a potent N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist with Ki of 30.5 nM.

6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid (6-Methoxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid) is an modulator of NMDAR.

D-AP5 (D-APV) is an NMDA receptor antagonist.

(S)-(-)-5-Fluorowillardiine ((S)-5-Fluorowillardiine) is an AMPA receptor-specific agonist.

PEAQX tetrasodium hydrate (PEAQX tetrasodium hydrate (459836-30-7 free base)) is an orally available NMDA antagonist that is potent and selective. The IC50 value of PEAQX tetrasodium hydrate (459836-30-7 free base) against hNMDAR 1A 2A was 270 nM and 29600 nM against hNMDAR 1A 2B, respectively.

(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine (LY 285265) [(D,L-(tetrazol-5-yl)glycine] is an effective and selective N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist with EC50s of 99 nM for GluN1 GluN2D and 1.7 μM for GluN1 GluN2A.

MDL-29951 is a novel glycine antagonist for NMDA receptor activation.

Felbamate (W-554) is an Anti-epileptic Agent. The physiologic effect of felbamate is by means of Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity.

UBP310 (UBP 310) is a GLUK5 kainate receptor antagonist

(-)-Huperzine A (HupA) , an active Lycopodium alkaloid extracted from the traditional Chinese herb, is a potent, selective and reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and has been widely used in China for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Dizocilpine Maleate (MK 801) is a potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) with Kd of 37.2 nM in rat brain membranes. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role.

(-)-Aspartic acid (L-Homoproline) is an endogenous amino acid existing in invertebrates and vertebrates. It can regulate testosterone synthesis and is an agonist of NMDA receptor.