glyceraldehyde

Zopolrestat (CP 73850) is a potent inhibitor of aldose reductase (IC50 = 3.1 nM).

DL-Glyceraldehyde (Glyceric aldehyde) is produced from the action of the enzyme glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase, which converts glycerol to glyceraldehyde using NADP as a cofactor. When present at sufficiently high levels, DL-Glyceraldehyde can be a cytotoxin and a mutagen. A cytotoxin is a compound that kills cells. A mutagen is a compound that causes mutations in DNA. DL-Glyceraldehyde is a highly reactive compound that can modify and cross-link proteins. DL-Glyceraldehyde modified proteins appear to be cytotoxic, depress intracellular glutathione levels, and induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (PMID: 14981296 ). DL-Glyceraldehyde has been shown to cause chromosome damage to human cells in culture and is mutagenic in the Ames bacterial test.

DL-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (3-Phosphoglyceraldehyde) is an important intermediate in glycogen or starch fermentation in organisms and inhibits acyltransferases. DL-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli at high concentrations.

D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is a central metabolite in cellular energy metabolism, serving as a key intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the Calvin cycle. D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate also contributes to biosynthetic pathways such as tryptophan and thiamin synthesis, making it an essential molecule in biochemical and metabolic research.

Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, targeted by anti-thymocyte and anti-apoptotic agents, catalyzes the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by perhydroxyl radicals [1] [2].

DL-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate diethyl acetal barium acts as an inhibitor of the Aspartate Aminotransferase isozyme [1].

DL-Glyceraldehyde diethyl acetal is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biomaterial for life science related research and as a sulfonylation reagent for organic synthesis and drug discovery.

TV 3279 is a novel ChE-MAI inhibitor , and the neuroprotective properties depend on their ability to induce the anti-apoptotic proteins PKC, Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and SOD, and to block the nuclear translocation of the pro-apoptotic enzyme glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase in PC-12 and neuroblastoma cells.

DC-5163 is a potent inhibitor of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) with IC50 of 176.3 nM and Kd of 3.192 μM. DC-5163 selectively inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, and partially inhibits the glycolysis pathway.

TOFA-Plasmalogen (compound 1), a derivative of glyceraldehyde, exhibits ferroptosis-inducing properties. This compound promotes lipid peroxidation in cell membranes, leading to cytotoxic effects with an inhibition concentration (IC 50 = 32.87 μM).

Deamino-NAD sodium, a structural analog of NAD+, serves as a substrate for rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) in glycolysis. It exhibits a Km of 2300 pm and a Kd of 112 pm.

D-Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway. [1] [2] In this pathway, transaldolase catalyzes the transfer of a three carbon dihydroxyacetone moiety from D-sedoheptulose-7-phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to generate D-fructose-6-phosphate . D-Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate is also an intermediate in carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, as well as in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide, amino acids, secondary metabolites, and antibiotics. [3]

Heptelidic acid (Koningic acid) is a sesquiterpenoid lactone antibiotic derived from the probiotic fungus Aspergillus oryzae, a selective GAPDH inhibitor. It downregulates caspase to inhibit etoposide-induced apoptosis. Heptelidic acid inhibits tau fibrillation in a concentration-dependent manner and exerts antitumor effects on extra-intestinal melanoma by controlling glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity.

Misetionamide, an orally active oxathiazin-like compound, functions as a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) inhibitor with antineoplastic activity, making it applicable in cancer research.

Aldolase is a glycolytic enzyme and component of the VATPase complex that catalyzes the reversible cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Aldolase plays a critical role in cellular energy metabolism, metabolic flux regulation, and enzymatic studies of glycolysis and related pathways.

Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), a glycolytic enzyme, efficiently catalyzes the interconversion between dihydroxyacetone phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The catalytic site of TPI is located at the dimer interface [1].

Tri-valine (NSC 35938) is a polypeptide derived from creatine kinase, β-enolase, triosephosphate isomerase, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [1].

Monomethyl kolavate is a power Trypanosoma brucei glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (TbGAPDH) inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 12uM.