fermentation

Succinic acid (1, 2-ethanedicarboxylic acid) is a product of anaerobic metabolism and an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Spinosad is a naturally-occurring insecticide found in the the soil bacterium S. spinosa. It is a mixture of the macrocyclic lactones spinosyn A and spinosyn D, which act as agonists of insect nicotinic acetylcholinesterase receptors (nAChRs).

Nattokinase is a serine protease derived from nattō, exhibiting oral bioavailability and fibrinolytic/anticoagulant properties. It degrades fibrin, fibrinolytic substrates, and PAI-1 to dissolve thrombi while inhibiting platelet aggregation, making it suitable for cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease research.

Theaflavin digallate and lactic acid together could reduce herpes simplex virus transmission.

Urethane (Ethyl carbamate; Ethylurethane) is a byproduct formed during the fermentation process of various foods. As an ethyl ester of carbamic acid, it has the ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria, sea urchin eggs, protozoa, and plant tissues, and is commonly used for establishing lung cancer models.

D-(-)-Lactic acid is a normal intermediate in sugar fermentation (oxidation, metabolism). It is identified as a competitive inhibitor of ProDH (proline dehydrogenase) in plants.

Fusidic acid (Fusidine) is an antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.

Ethyl heptanoate is a RIFM spice that is produced and volatilized by the fermentation of eight packets of tempeh.

Methyl stearate (Methyl Octadecanoate) is found in cloves. Antifoaming agent and fermentation nutrient.

1,3-Propanediol is a natural product produced by microbial fermentation of glycerol.

1,3-Dihydroxyacetone is the main active ingredient in sunscreen tanning skin care preparations, an important precursor for the synthesis of a variety of fine chemicals, and a food additive that can be produced on an industrial scale by microbial fermentation on Gluconobacter oxydans. 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone has the ability to increase cAMP levels. 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone has the ability to increase cAMP levels.

2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)ethan-1-ol (3-(2-Hydroxyethyl)indole) is a metabolite formed in the liver after disulfiram treatment that induces sleep in humans. It is also a secondary product of alcoholic fermentation.

Vanillin (Zimco) is a single molecule extracted from vanilla beans and also a popular odor used widely in perfume, food and medicine.Vanillin can reversibly and non-competitively inhibit the cellulase activity at appropriate concentrations and the value of IC50 was estimated to be 30 g/L.Vanillin protects KSC from UVB irradiation and its effects may occur through the suppression of downstream step of MDM2 in UVB irradiation-induced p53 activation. Vanillin also inhibits yeast growth and fermentation.

2,3-Pentanedione is a food additive that also occurs naturally as a fermentation product in beer, wine and yogurt and is released during the roasting of coffee beans. Inhalation of 2,3-Pentanedione is thought to be the cause of severe respiratory disease in humans, including occlusive bronchitis.

Carmoisine (Azo Rubine) is a food dye Azorubine and is used for the purposes where food is heat-treated after fermentation.

Viridicatol, with potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus(MIC: 15.6 μg/mL), is isolated from the fermentation of an endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. R22 in Nerium indicum.

L-Alanosine, an antibiotic isolated from the fermentation product of Streptomyces alanosinicus, inhibits tumor cell proliferation by blocking the adenylosuccinate synthetic pathway through the inhibition of adenylosuccinate synthetase and Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase.

PF 1022A is a cyclooctadepsipeptide natural product produced by fungal fermentation with anthelmintic activity. As an ionophore-like compound, PF 1022A forms complexes with metal ions and disrupts ion homeostasis and membrane potential in parasites, leading to its anthelmintic effects. It shows significant activity against the poultry nematode Ascaridia galli.

Caspofungin Acetate (MK 0991) is the acetate salt of an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.

Spinosad Factor D is a naturally derived fermentation product. It is used as a pesticide against many different insects.

Crotonyl-CoA tetrasodium is the tetrasodium salt form of Crotonyl-CoA. It serves as an intermediate in butyrate fermentation and in the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan. This compound plays a crucial role in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids.

DB-2073 is an antibiotic belonging to the alkylresorcinol class. It crystallizes from the fermentation broth of Pseudomonas species B-9004 in the form of DB-2073.

Nemadectin is a macrolide antiparasitic compound produced by the fermentation of actinomycetes. It interferes with neural signal transmission by acting on glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCl), thereby causing paralysis and death in nematodes and arthropods. Nemadectin possesses anthelmintic activity and serves as a lead compound or related natural product for various anthelmintic drugs.

PD 124895 is an antitumor antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp.