cytoprotective

Amifostine (Ethyol) anhydrous is a cytoprotective agent, acts as a free radical scavenging activity.

Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (Uromitexan) is a sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from antineoplastic agents, such as ifosfamide or cyclophosphamide.

O-PHOSPHO-L-SERINE is an ester of serine and phosphate, which are normal metabolites in human biofluids.O-phospho-L-serine is a phagocytosis inhibitor that inhibits glial cell proliferation and cone cell regeneration after photodamage.

Amifostine trihydrate (WR2721) is the first approved radioprotective drug, used to decrease the risk of kidney problems caused by treatment with cisplatin.

BL-918 is a potent activator of UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) with an EC50 of 24.14 nM.

Omaveloxolone (RTA-408) (RTA-408) is a synthetic triterpenoid that activates the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 and inhibits NF-κB signaling. Phase 2.

Taurocholic acid (N-Choloyltaurine) is a bile acid involved in fat emulsification, possessing notable biological and immunomodulatory activities. It can inhibit bile duct injury induced by hepatic artery ligation by upregulating VEGF-A expression and protect cholangiocytes from TNF-α-induced damage via a PI3K-mediated pathway, and is commonly used to induce pancreatitis models.

Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium (Sodium Ursodeoxycholate) is a naturally occurring secondary bile acid with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities. Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors,

Fenlean (FLZ) is a tyrosine kinase Src inhibitor, a synthetic cyclic derivative of squamous amide from Annona glabra, with cytoprotective activity, which protects tyrosine hydroxylase function in a chronic MPTP/prostaglandin-type mouse model of Parkinson's disease.Fenlean inhibits the production of Aβ in the mitochondria, which may be useful in the study of age-related macular degeneration and Parkinson's disease. and Parkinson's.

Trimetazidine dihydrochloride (Vastarel F) can improve myocardial glucose utilization by inhibiting fatty acid metabolism. Trimetazidine is the first cytoprotective anti-ischemic agent, also used as a vasodilator in ischemic heart disease or angina.

D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate (D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate), also known as Fosfructose, is a cytoprotective natural sugar phosphate. It functions by promoting anaerobic glycolysis, which generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) under ischemic conditions. This compound holds potential for research in cardiovascular ischemia, sickle cell anemia, and asthma.

3-Methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, used as a food additive to enhance the flavor of meat and meat products at 2-5 ppm, demonstrated gastric cytoprotective activity when administered orally to male Wistar rats.

1-Octacosanol (Octanosol) is a straight-chain aliphatic 28-carbon primary fatty alcohol that is used as a nutritional supplement. It is reported to possess cholesterol-lowering effects, antiaggregatory properties, cytoprotective use, and ergogenic properties.

L-Cystine dihydrochloride is an Nrf2 inducer with whitening and anti-dark spot effects.L-Cystine dihydrochloride has cytoprotective effects in cells, and is often added to various fungal cultures as a carbon source.

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (Phenylethyl Caffeate) (CAPE) inhibits the activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B and may suppress p70S6K and Akt-driven signaling pathways, with antineoplastic, cytoprotective and immunomodulating activities. CAPE is the phenethyl alcohol ester of caffeic acid and a bioactive component of honeybee hive propolis. In addition, CAPE inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and subsequent induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).

Troxipide (Aplace), a new-type systemic non-antisecretory gastric cytoprotective agent, which is mucus-secreting, anti-ulcer, and anti-inflammatory properties irrespective of pH of stomach or duodenum.

Esafosfan trisodium (FDP trisodium) is a cytoprotective natural sugar phosphate for the potential treatment of sickle cell anemia, cardiovascular ischemia and asthma. It acts by stimulating anaerobic glycolysis which generates adenosine triphosphate under ischemic conditions.

4-Methoxycinnamaldehyde (p-Methoxycinnamaldehyde) is an active ingredient of Agastache rugosa.4-Methoxycinnamaldehyde has cytoprotective activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in human laryngeal carcinoma cell lines, and helps to control disease induced by RSV infection, with an IC50 of approximately 0.055 μg/mL. The IC50 was about 0.055 μg/mL.

Cetraxate hydrochloride (DV10062) is an oral gastrointestinal medication. It has a cytoprotective effect.

Bacoside A has a possible anticancer activity that could be inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through Notch pathway in GBM in vitro. It exerts cytoprotective efficacy by attenuation of ROS generated through oxidative stress by an increase in the concentration of antioxidant enzymes and sustain membrane integrity which leads to restoring the damage caused by tBHP. Bacoside A can able to inhibit the progression of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) may be by the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and chemokine evolved during active EAE. Bacoside A also has vasorelaxation.

Ebselen (CCG-39161) is a organoselenium compound with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and cytoprotective activity. Ebselen acts as a glutathione peroxidase mimetic and is thereby able to prevent cellular damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, this agent inhibits the activity of a variety of enzymes including nitric oxide synthase (NOS), 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, protein kinase C (PKC), NADPH oxidase and gastric H+/K+-ATPase. Furthermore, ebselen may be neuroprotective due to its ability to neutralize free radicals upon NMDA receptor activation thus, reducing lipoperoxidation mediated by glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.

Phosphoenolpyruvic acid tricyclohexylammonium salt (PEP 3 CHA) is a functional carbohydrate metabolite with cytoprotective and anti-oxidative activity. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid tricyclohexylammonium salt is able to penetrate the cell membrane.

(Rac)-BL-918 is the racemic form of BL-918. BL-918 is an effective activator of UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) (EC₅₀ = 24.14 nM), capable of inducing protective autophagy in cells and may be employed for Parkinson's disease therapy.

Sucralfate (Sucrose octasulfate–aluminum complex) is a cytoprotective agent, an oral gastrointestinal medication primarily indicated for the treatment of active duodenal ulcers.