anaerobic bacteria

Ertapenem sodium (MK-826) is a new long-acting 1-β-methyl carbapenem antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum including common aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and organisms with extended-spectrum β-lactamases.

Vulpinic Acid (Pulvinic acid methyl ester) is a lichen metabolite with anti-inflammatory, antibacteria, properties, plant growth inhibitor.

Antibacterial compound 2 is a potent antimicrobial agent effective against many human veterinary pathogens, inhibiting multi-drug resistant staphylococci, enterococci and streptococci, as well as anaerobic bacteria.

Balofloxacin, a quinolone antibiotic, can inhibit the synthesis of bacterial DNA by interfering with the DNA gyrase.

Secnidazole (PM-185184) is a second-generation 5-nitroimidazole antimicrobial that is structurally related to other 5-nitroimidazoles including [DB00916] and [DB00911], but displays improved oral absorption and longer terminal elimination half-life than antimicrobial agents in this class [A27210]. Secnidazole is selective against many anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and protozoa.

Tinidazole (CP12574)a is a 5-nitroimidazole derivative with the antiprotozoal property. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, it has been suggested that tinidazole is metabolized and yields nitrite anions and metronidazole. Metronidazole's nitro group, in turn, is reduced via the parasite ferredoxin, thereby generating a series of free nitro radicals including nitro anions. Toxicity is achieved via depletion of sulfhydryl groups and DNA strand breaks with multiple hits having an additive effect and ultimately leading to cell death.

Metronidazole Benzoate (Benzoyl metronidazole) is a derivative of Metronidazole and benzoic acid, which has antibacterial, anti-parasitic and anti-trichomonas functions and is often used to treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria.

Lincomycin hydrochloride (U10149A) is a lincosamide antibiotic identified in S.lincolnensis with activity against gram-positive cocci and anaerobic bacteria.

Cefoxitin (Rephoxitin) is a broad-spectrum, orally available second-generation cephalosporins antibiotic. Cefoxitin interferes with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Its activity profile includes Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and is commonly used in abdominal cavity infections, pelvic infections, and certain types of gynecological infections, and is highly effective against anaerobic bacteria.

Cefepime (BMY-28142) is a cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity, induces neurotoxicity, inhibits both Gram-positive and Gram-negative, and can be used in the study of anaerobic bacteria.

Morinidazole shows antibacterial activity and can be used in studies about bacterial infections research such as appendicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease caused by anaerobic bacteria.

Clinafloxacin (CI-960)(PD-127391) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

UG-FA 132 is a compound with potent antibacterial properties, effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and lactose-producing strains, while also exhibiting strong inhibitory effects on anaerobic bacteria.

Omadacycline tosylate (PTK 0796 tosylate) is an orally administered aminocyclitol antibacterial agent and tetracycline antibiotic exhibiting broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, anaerobic, and atypical pathogens. Omadacycline tosylate binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria to inhibit protein synthesis and may be employed in studies of pneumonia and cutaneous infections.

Apalcillin (PC-904) combined with Ro 48-1220 (a penicillin sulfone β-lactamase inhibitor) exhibits broad-spectrum activity against Gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, excluding Klebsiella acid-producing strains. This combination shows strong efficacy against β-lactamase-producing Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae with an effective MIC of 11 μg/mL. Additionally, it inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter at low MICs (0.25 to 4 μg/mL). However, it has limited efficacy against oxacillin-resistant staphylococci and some Gram-positive bacteria. Apalcillin/Ro 48-1220's effectiveness against certain extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli is comparable to piperacillin/tazobactam, though it is less effective against SHV-type β-lactamases.

Ranbezolid (RBx7644 free base) is an orally active oxazolidinone antibiotic effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Bacteroides fragilis. It inhibits the 50s ribosomal subunit, with an IC50 value of 17 μM for bacterial ribosomes, and disrupts cell wall and lipid synthesis. Ranbezolid acts as a rapid bactericidal agent, significantly reducing bacterial load, and demonstrates improved cardiovascular safety. It is applicable in the study of antibiotics targeting anaerobic bacteria.

Cefotetan Sodium, a second-generation cephalosporin, cephamycin antibiotic, is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Cefotetan disrupts the cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding

Sancycline is a semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic that is more active than tetracycline against 339 strains of anaerobic bacteria (MIC90s = 1 and 32 μg/ml, respectively).

E 4441 is a third-generation difluoroquinolone, which has good activity against G(+) aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria in vitro and in vivo.

(6R,7S)-Cefminox sodium heptahydrate (Meicelin) is a broad-spectrum, bactericidal cephalosporin antibiotic, particularly effective against Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria.

Luminamicin is active against anaerobic bacteria, especially Clostridium sp.; isolated from actinomycete strain OMR-59.

PD 131628 is a novel fluoroquinolone that is a bioactive form of PD 131112 or CI-990 for use against anaerobic bacteria.

SC 28538 is a 5-nitroimidazolederivative which has been shown to be active against B. fragilis, C. perfringens, T. vaginalis, T. foetus, P.hominis and N. gonorrhoea in various in vitroscreening models. In comparative studies with284 strains of anaerobic bacteria SC 28538 wasfound to be as active as metronidazole or ornidazole.

OPC-167832 is a potent and orally active dprE1 Inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.258 μM. OPC-167832 has antituberculosis activity and can be used for the research of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis[1]. OPC-167832 exhibits very low MICs against laboratory strains of M. tuberculosis H37Rv (MIC: 0.0005 μg/ml) and Kurono (MIC: 0.0005 μg/ml) and strains with monoresistance to rifampin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (EMB), streptomycin (STR), and pyrazinamide (PZA) (MIC: 0.00024-0.001 μg/ml). However, OPC-167832 has minimal or no activity against standard strains of nonmycobacterial aerobic and anaerobic bacteria[1].The IC90 values of OPC-167832 against intracellular M. tuberculosis strains H37Rv and Kurono are 0.0048 and 0.0027 μg/ml, respectively. OPC-167832 shows bactericidal activity against intracellular M. tuberculosis at a low concentration, and the bactericidal activity is saturated at concentrations of 0.004 μg/ml or higher[1]. OPC-167832 (oral administration; 0.625-10 mg/kg) exhibits a good pharmacokinetic characteristic. The plasma reaches peak at 0.5 h to 1.0 h (tmax) and is eliminated with a half-life (t1/2) of 1.3 h to 2.1 h OPC-167832 distribution in the lungs is approximately 2 times higher than that in plasma, and the Cmax and AUCt of OPC-167832 in plasma and the lungs shows dose dependency[1].OPC-167832 (oral administration; 0.625-10 mg/kg; 4 weeks) significantly reduces lung CFU compared to the vehicle group. The dose-dependent decrease of lung CFU is observed from 0.625 mg/kg to 2.5 mg/kg. In a M. tuberculosis Kurono-infected ICR female mice model. OPC-167832 combines with DMD, BDQ, or LVX via oral gavage exhibits significantly higher efficacies than each single agent alone[1].[1].OPC-167832 (oral gavage; 2.5 mg/kg; combination with DCMB; 12 weeks) demonstrates the most potent efficacy when compares with DC, DCB. The lung CFU count after 6 weeks of treatment is below the detection limit, and at the end of just 8 weeks of treatment, the bacteria in the lungs of all the evaluated mice had already been eradicate[1]. [1]. Norimitsu Hariguchi, et al. OPC-167832, a Novel Carbostyril Derivative with Potent Antituberculosis Activity as a DprE1 Inhibitor.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 May 21;64(6):e02020-19.