ryanodine

Ryanodine, a diterpenoid poison derived from Ryania speciosa, acts as a modulator of the ryanodine receptor, which is permeable to cells. Depending on its concentration, ryanodine can either stimulate or inhibit Ca2+ release mediated by these receptors.

Azumolene (EU4093 free base)

Dantrolene sodium (Dantrolene sodium salt) is a skeletal muscle relaxant and can interfere with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used for the treatment of spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Its mechanism of action is may not central, but dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.

Chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr) is an insecticide. Chlorantraniliprole potently and selectively activates insect ryanodine receptor, with EC50s of 40 nM and 50 nM for Drosophila melanogaster and H. virescens ryanodine receptor, and ∼300-fold more potent than that in the mouse myoblast cell line, C2C12 (EC50, 14 μM).

Dantrolene is a postsynaptic muscle relaxant by inhibiting Ca2+ ions release from sarcoplasmic reticulum stores by antagonizing ryanodine receptors.

JTV-519 Formate is a Ca2+-dependent blocker of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-stimulated ATPase (SERCA). JTV-519 Formate is also a partial agonist of ryanodine receptors in striated muscle. JTV-519 Formate exhibits antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective properties.

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is an effective calcium mobilization second messenger synthesized from NAD+ by ADP-ribosyl cyclase. It mainly increases cytosolic calcium through Ryanodine receptor-mediated endoplasmic reticulum release and extracellular influx via the opening of TRPM2 channels.

JTV-519 is a Ca2+-dependent blocker and prevents abnormal Ca(2+) leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the ischemic heart and skeletal muscle (SkM) by stabilizing the ryanodine receptors.

Dantrolene depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor 1 and decreasing intracellular calcium concentration. Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle contraction. Dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate (Sodium dantrolene) is the sodium salt form of dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, and direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant.

JTV-519 free base (K201 free base), known for its antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective properties, acts as a Ca2+-dependent blocker of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-stimulated ATPase (SERCA) and as a partial agonist of ryanodine receptors in striated muscle.

JTV-519 hemifumarate,Antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective properties. is a Ca2+-dependent blocker of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-stimulated ATPase (SERCA) and a partial agonist of ryanodine receptors in striated muscle.

Flubendiamide is a 1,2-diamide insecticide that works by activating ryanodine receptors.

RyRs activator 6 (compound C3) is a ryanodine receptor (RyRs) activator that induces calcium ion release in insect neuronal cells, exhibiting insecticidal properties.

Cyclic ADP-ribose diammonium (cADPR diammonium) serves as a potent calcium mobilization second messenger, synthesized from NAD+ by ADP-ribosyl cyclase. It primarily enhances cytosolic calcium levels by triggering release from the endoplasmic reticulum via Ryanodine receptors, and by facilitating extracellular influx through TRPM2 channels.

Cyclaniliprole is an insecticide and ryanodine receptor modulator, demonstrating higher selectivity for insect ryanodine receptors than for those in mammals. It is lethal to both larvae and adult stages of various agricultural pests. Cyclaniliprole exhibits broad-spectrum insecticidal activity against pests from the orders Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, and Coleoptera.

MBED represents a highly specialized synthetic small molecule specifically engineered to modulate the calcium homeostasis within striated muscle fibers by acting as a potent allosteric enhancer of the ryanodine receptor type 1 channel while simultaneously exerting inhibitory effects on the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase activity, effectively facilitating the measurable elevation of cytosolic calcium concentrations across various preclinical experimental models to evaluate the disruption of intracellular signaling during strictly monitored laboratory observation periods.

Lomifylline is an inducer that induces the release of Ca2+ stored in cells, specifically through the ryanodine receptor.

Ryanodol is a complex diterpenoid that modulates intracellular calcium-ion release at ryanodine receptors, ion channels critical for skeletal and cardiac muscle excitation-contraction coupling and synaptic transmission.

Cyclic ADP-Ribose (ammonium salt) (cADPR) is an endogenous NAD⁺ metabolite that triggers Ca²⁺ release from ER stores via ryanodine receptors and is synthesized by CD38 and CD157. It may also activate TRPM2 in a temperature-dependent manner. Showing potential in research related in inflammation and immunology.

Cyclic ADP-ribose ammonium (cADPR ammonium) is a potent calcium mobilization second messenger synthesized from NAD+ by ADP-ribosyl cyclase. It raises cytosolic calcium levels through Ryanodine receptor-mediated release from the endoplasmic reticulum and facilitates extracellular influx via TRPM2 channels [1][2][3].

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADP-ribose) is a calcium mobilizing nucleotide that is biosynthesized from NAD+ by cADP-ribose synthases, including CD38. cADP-Ribose appears to activate calcium channels in intracellular membranes, which in turn activate ryanodine receptors. 8-bromo-cADP-Ribose is a stable, cell-permeable analog that blocks calcium release evoked by cADP-ribose in sea urchin egg homogenates with an IC50 value of 1.7 μM. It is commonly used to investigate intracellular signaling through cADP-ribose in isolated cells and tissues.

JTV-519 fumarate (K201 fumarate) is a SERCA blocker and partial agonist at the ryanodine receptor with antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective effects, improves sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium leakage, and may be useful in the study of anxiety disorders.

Paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine) is a metabolite of caffeine (sc-202514) which functions as an adenosine receptor ligand and a PARP-1 inhibitor in pulmonary epithelial cells. Studies suggest that Paraxanthine is structurally similar to caffeine and possibly mediates the physiological effects of caffeine. Also Paraxanthine acts as a competitive phosphodiesterase inhibitor, which increases intracellular cAMP, activates PKA, inhibits TNF-α and leukotriene synthesis. In addition, Paraxanthine acts as a Na+/K+ ATPase enzymatic effector.

Azumolene sodium dihydrate is a muscle relaxant that inhibits the release of calcium from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. Azumolene inhibits a component of store-operated calcium entry coupled to the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor.